To Explain:The energies in the lower band and upper bandis roughly equal to that of the
Explanation of Solution
Introduction:
An electron’s kinetic energy for
The separation is large for an electron at molecular state
Conclusion:
The energy of molecular state and energy of
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Modern Physics, 2/e
- What is an intrinsic semiconductor? How is its electrical conductivity changes with temperature which is at absolute zero?arrow_forwardWhat is Lattice Vibrations in Superconductivity?arrow_forwardCalculate the mismatch stress in a thin epitaxial film of Ge on a Si (110) substrate. Both Si and Ge have cubic lattice structures with lattice constants 0.5431 nm and 0.5657 nm, respectively.arrow_forward
- Use the results of this section to estimate the contribution of conduction electrons to the heat capacity of one mole of copper at room temperature. How does this contribution compare to that of lattice vibrations, assuming that these are not frozen out? (The electronic contribution has been measured at low temperatures, and turns out to be about 40% more than predicted by the free electron model used here)arrow_forwardIllustrate the biasing of an npn transistor in common emitter configuration in your own words.arrow_forwardWhat is the advantage of field-effect transistor (FET) according to bipolar JunctionTransistor (BJT) ? Please explain briefly with a few sentences.arrow_forward
- Show that in a parabolic potential well, the spacing between the energy levels is constant. In semiconductors, parabolic potential wells are often produced by using narrow square potential wells where the well to barrier width ratio gradually changes. Use the virtual crystal approximation to design a GaAs/AlAs parabolic well where the level spacing for the electron is approximately 8 meV. (Hint: This is the harmonic oscillator problem.)arrow_forwardEstimate kBT at room temperature, and convert this energy into electronvolts (eV). Using this result, answer the following: (a) Would you expect hydrogen atoms to be ionized at room temperature? (The binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.) (b) Would you expect the rotational energy levels of diatomic molecules to be excited at room temperature? (It costs about 10−4 eV to promote such a system to an excited rotational energy level.)arrow_forwardEstimate kBT at room temperature, and convert this energy into electronvolts (eV). Using this result, answer the following: (a) Would you expect hydrogen atoms to be ionized at room temperature? (The binding energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom is 13.6 eV.) (b) Would you expect the rotational energy levels of diatomic molecules to be excited at room temperature? (It costs about 10-4 eV to promote such a system to an excited rotational energy level.)arrow_forward
- Suppose that the out-of-plane distortion of an AB3 planar molecule is described by a potential energy V= V0 (1- ebh^4 ), where h is the distance by which the central atom A is displaced. Sketch this potential energy as a function of h (allow h to be both negative and positive). What could be said about (a) the force constant, (b) the vibrations? Sketch the form of the ground-state wavefunction.arrow_forwardThe simple mass on a spring is the basis for our description of almost any oscillation. Lets consider the vibrational states of a simple diatomic molecule, say N2. We will model it as two identical masses connected by a spring as shown in the figure at the top right.This is a little different from the cart on a spring since there is no wall -- both of the atoms are moving. But if we only look at oscillations of the molecule where the center of mass is not moving, the atoms are moving equally and oppositely. When one is going left, the other goes an equal amount to the right and vice versa. This is like two carts attached to a wall and oscillating equally and oppositely as shown in the lower picture. The only difference is the way we treat the spring. When each atom moves a distance x, the spring between the atoms actually stretches a distance 2x, so the force on each atom is -2kx. We can therefore model the motion of one of the nitrogen atoms as a single cart on a spring if we…arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the rule that the emission usually takes place from thelowest vibrational level of the first excited singlet state, because of the rapidvibrational relaxation and internal conversion?arrow_forward
- Modern PhysicsPhysicsISBN:9781111794378Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. MoyerPublisher:Cengage LearningGlencoe Physics: Principles and Problems, Student...PhysicsISBN:9780078807213Author:Paul W. ZitzewitzPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill