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RECALL Define replication, transcription, and translation.
Interpretation:
The terms “replication,” “transcription,” and “translation” are to be defined.
Concept introduction:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material present inside the nucleus of a cell. The cell division process involves the formation of new cells and the copying of DNA into the new cells before cell division. The cells synthesize a new copy of DNA in the S phase of the cell cycle.
DNA contains all the information and regulates all the processes occurring in the body of a living organism. It is a double-stranded molecule consisting of two polynucleotide chains that run in the antiparallel polarity.
Answer to Problem 1RE
Solution:
Replication is the process of the formation of new DNA using the template DNA by the DNA polymerase enzyme. Transcription is the process by which RNA (ribonucleic acid) is formed from DNA. Translation is the process in which the synthesis of proteins occurs, which is directed by the mRNA (messenger RNA)
Explanation of Solution
Replication is a biological process by which a copy of the DNA is produced by using the template DNA. The template DNA serves as a guide to determine the sequence of a nitrogen base and the formed strand of DNA that contains the complementary bases to that of the template DNA.
DNA is used to synthesize RNA, the process of which is known as transcription. Transcription also uses a DNA template to determine the sequence of RNA, but, in the place of thymine, uracil is paired with adenine in RNA. RNA is single stranded and used to form proteins.
The formation of protein from RNA is known as translation. The messenger RNA (mRNA) acts as the template, the transfer RNA (tRNA) carries the amino acids, and the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) plays a structural and catalytic role in protein synthesis.
Therefore, it can be concluded that replication is the formation of DNA, transcription is the formation of RNA from DNA, and translation is the formation of proteins from mRNA. The process of translation needs other RNAs as well.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM PKG<
- REFLECT AND APPLY E. coli incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into DNA at a rate of 250 to 1000 bases per second. Using the higher value, translate this into typing speed in words per minute. (Assume five characters per word, using the typing analogy from Question 36.)arrow_forwardRECALL What is qPCR?arrow_forwardRECALL What is the basis for the technique called ELISA?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Why is it more important for DNA to be replicated accurately than transcribed accurately?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY List three mechanisms that relax the twisting stress in helical DNA molecules.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why it would be unlikely for replication to take place without unwinding the DNA helix.arrow_forward
- RECALL Are the sequences shown in Question 6 those of RNA or DNA? How can you tell?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Suppose that you are a prosecuting attorney. How has the introduction of the polymerase chain reaction changed your job?arrow_forwardRECALL Give the sequence on the opposite strand for ACGTAT, AGATCT, and ATGGTA (all read 53).arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Is the following statement true or false? Why? The flow of genetic information in the cell is always DNARNAprotein.arrow_forwardRECALL List several ways in which RNA is processed after transcription.arrow_forwardRECALL Why is temperature control so important in the polymerase chain reaction?arrow_forward
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning