To determine:
Describe the difference between eperiemental and correlational methods as it pertains to the scientific study discussed on page 368 and the research methods used.
Concept introduction:
An experimental study identifies a dependent variable (DV) and and independent variable (IV). An IV is something that is controlled or manipulated by researchers in order to look for changes in the DV, which is being tested. In other words, an experiment is looking at the effect of one thing (IV) on another thing (DV). One example could be how studying affects test scores, where the variables are amount of time spent studying this psychology textbook (IV) and score on the final exam (DV).
A correlational study looks for a relationship between two variables. The variables are typically pre-existing, meaning they were not put in place by researchers. Relationships can be direct, indirect, or there can be no relationship. A direct relationship means that an increase in one variable leads to an increase in the other (and vice versa). An indirect relationship means that an increase in one variable leads to a decrease in the other. And no relationship, or zero correlations, means that there was no significant relationship between the two variables.
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