International Financial Management
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780357130698
Author: Madura
Publisher: Cengage
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A UK importer contracts to pay 18 million Yen for raw material from a supplier in Japan on one month's credit. The importer arranges with his bank to cover the transaction in sterling on the forward exchange market.
The following rates are quoted to him (in Yen/£):
Spot rate 247.45 - 247.75
1 month forward 248.00 – 248.80
What will be the cost of the shipment in sterling?
A U.S. firm exports products to a German firm and will receive payment of €200,000 in three months. On June 1, the spot rate of the euro was $1.12, and the 3-month forward rate was $1.10. On June 1, the firm negotiated a forward contract with a bank to sell €200,000 forward in three months. The spot rate of the euro on September 1 is $1.15. the firm will receive $_______ for the euros.
224,000
230,000
220,000
200,000
Jackson, a U.S. company, acquires a variety of raw materials from foreign vendors with amounts payable in foreign currency (FC). The company needs to acquire 20,000 units of raw materials, and the goods are expected to have a price of 100,000 FC. Assume that the inventory can be subsequently sold to U.S. customers for $160,000. Jackson is contemplating committing to the purchase of the inventory on September 1 with delivery on November 1. However, rather than making a commitment, the company could forecast a probable purchase of inventory with delivery on November 1. In either case, assume that on September 1 the company would either (a) acquire a forward contract to buy 100,000 FC with a forward date of November 1 or (b) acquire an option to buy FC in November at a strike price of $1.250. The option premium is expected to cost $2,100.Various spot rates, forward rates, and option values are as follows:
Spot Rate
Forward Rate forNovember 1
Time Value ofOption
September 1 . . . .…
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- Blowfast Corporation, a U.S. exporter, sold wind turbines to a Mexican customer at a price of 5,000,000 U.S. dollars. In order to close the sale, however, Blowfast needed to agree to make its invoice payable in Mexican pesos, thus agreeing to take on the exchange rate risk for the transaction. The USDMXN exchange rate on the day of the sale was 20.0000, making the cost to the customer (per the invoice) 100,000,000 pesos. The terms of payment were: net, 6 months. If the value of the peso fell against the U.S. dollar such that one dollar would buy 22.0000 pesos by the date the invoice needed to be paid, what dollar amount would Blowfast receive assuming that it exchanged the recently received pesos for U.S. dollars in a foreign exchange transaction on the payment date? How much money did Blowfast gain or lose because of the change in the exchange rate?arrow_forwardBlur Ltd, a UK importer, expects to make a payment of 1.8m Australian dollars (A$) for sure in one year from now. Blur will need to pay for the A$ currency in sterling (£). Assume that the Australian dollar’s spot exchange rate now is A$=£0.56, the one-year forward rate is A$=£0.59, and the discount rate is zero. Blur may need to pay an additional A$3.1m one year from now if it agrees a deal with a new Australian supplier, also payable in one year from now. The probability of this deal being agreed is 0.5. If the deal is not agreed (probability 0.5), Blur makes no payment to the new supplier. Suppose for parts (a) and (b) that the spot rate in one year is A$=£0.58. Assume Blur chooses to enter into a forward exchange contract for the maximum possible payment of A$4.9m. What actions will the firm take and what will be the value of its net payments in £, if in one year: the new deal is agreed? the new deal is not agreed? What will be the expected value of Blur’s net payment in…arrow_forwardA U.S. firm buys merchandise from a Portuguese company at a cost of EUR 250,000. The merchandise will not be delivered for six months and the U.S. firm does not have to pay for the product until it’s delivered. The current EURUSD exchange rate is 1.0500 U.S. dollars per euro. If the EURUSD exchange rate moves to 1.1500 in six months, when the U.S. firm finally needs to make the payment, will the U.S. firm be paying more or less for the merchandise in U.S. dollar terms?arrow_forward
- Cleveland Company is a U.S. firm with a U.S. dollar functional currency that manufactures copper-related products. It forecasts that it will sell 5,000 feet of copper tubing to one of its largest customers at a price of ¥50,000,000. Although this sale has not been firmly committed, Cleveland expects that the sale will occur in six months on June 30, 2022. Thus, Cleveland is exposed to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To reduce this exposure, Cleveland enters into a six-month foreign currency exchange forward contract with a third-party dealer on January 1, 2022, to deliver ¥ and receive US$. The foreign exchange contract has the following terms:Contract amount: ¥50,000,000Maturity date: June 30, 2022Forward contract rate: ¥105.00 = US $1.00Yen / US$ Exchange rates: Date Spot rate Forward rate for June 30 January 1 ¥100.00/US $1.00 ¥105.00/US $1.00 March 31 ¥102.00/US $1.00 ¥108.00/US $1.00 June 30 ¥110.00/US $1.00…arrow_forwardA merchant in the UK has agreed to sell goods to an importer in the USA at an invoice price of $130,000. Of this amount, $40,000 will be payable on shipment, $60,000 one month after shipmentand $30,000 three months after shipment.The quoted foreign exchange rates ($ per £) at the date of shipment are as follows:Spot rate (on shipment) 1.690 -1.692Forward rate-(one month after) 1.687 -1.690Forward rate-(three months after) 1.680 -1.684The merchant decides to enter forward exchange contracts through his bank to hedge these transactions for fear that the future spot rates may change to his disadvantage. i. State what are the presumed advantages of using forward exchange contracts. ii. Calculate the sterling amount that the merchant would receive on these contracts. iii. Comment on the wisdom of the merchant decision to hedge by comparing his total receipts inpound sterling, assuming the spot rate ($ per £) at the dates of receipt of first payment upon shipment remains the same but rates…arrow_forwardBaltimore, Inc., is a U.S.‑based MNC that obtains 10 percent of its supplies from European manufacturers. Sixty percent of its revenues are due to exports to Europe, where its products are invoiced in euros. Explain how Baltimore can attempt to reduce its economic exposure to exchange rate fluctuations in the euro.arrow_forward
- Suppose that Retrojo Inc. is a U.S. based MNC that will need to purchase F$2.00 million (Fijian dollars, F$) worth of imports from Fiji in 90 days. Currently, the spot rate for the Fijian dollar is $0.80 per F$. Suppose that Retrojo negotiates a forward contract with a bank, which commits it to purchasing Fijian dollars at F $2,000,000.00 at $0.80 per Fijian dollar in 90 days. Thus, Retrojo knows with certainty that it will need F$2,000,000.00×$0.80 per Fijian dollars =$1,600,000.00 for this exchange. Assume the Fijian dollar depreciates over this time period to $0.67 per Fijian dollar. If this were the case the outside of the contract only (U.S. dollars) would be needed to exchange for the required F$2,000,000.00.arrow_forwardIf a U.S. firm desires to avoid the risk from exchange rate fluctuations, and it will need C$200,000 in 90 days to make payment on imports from Canada, it could: A. obtain a 90-day forward purchase contract on Canadian dollars. B. obtain a 90-day forward sale contract on Canadian dollars. C. purchase Canadian dollars 90 days from now at the spot rate. D. sell Canadian dollars 90 days from now at the spot rate.arrow_forwardWolters Corporation is a U.S. corporation that purchased 50,000 chocolate bars from a foreign manufacturer on March 1, 2024 for 80,000 foreign currency units, to be paid on April 30, 2024. On March 1, 2024 Wolters also entered into a forward contract to purchase 80,000 foreign currency units on April 30, 2024. Wolters has a March 31 year end. Exchange rates are as follows: Date Spot Rate Forward Rate 3/1/24 $0.69 $0.65 3/31/24 $0.61 $0.63 4/30/24 $0.66 $0.66 Required: Prepare the journal entries to record the transactions through April 30, 2024. March 31 is the fiscal period end. Ignore the split between spot gain/loss and time value. arrow_forward
- Suppose, Company ABC is U.S. based company and has a British subsidiary. It is expected that the subsidiary will send 10 million pounds in two months to the Company. Thus, Company ABC is concerned that in the next two months the pound will depreciate in value i) Why did Company ABC entered into the currency forward contract by taking short position? ii) Suppose the Forward rate of the pound is $1.357 per pound, and the contract will expire after two months. At delivery/settlement date (two months later), the spot exchange rate is $1.2375 per pound. After two months, how much will Company ABC receive in dollars iii) In the case of cash settlement, how much will Company ABC receive from the dealer? iv) A Firm buys an FRA on 90-day LIBOR expiring in 30 days with Notional principal of $20 million. The contract rate is 10%. If at expiration, LIBOR is 8%, how much will the long has to pay to the short i.e., seller of FRA. What happens if, at expiration, LIBOR is 12%?arrow_forwardNew York Co. has agreed to pay 9 million Australian dollars (A$) in two years for equipment that it is importing from Australia. The spot rate of the Australian dollar is $0.60. The annualized U.S. interest rate is 4 percent, regardless of the debt maturity. The annualized Australian dollar interest rate is 11 percent, regardless of the debt maturity. New York plans to hedge its exposure with a forward contract that it will arrange today. Assume that interest rate parity exists. Determine the amount of U.S. dollars that New York Co. will need in two years to make its payment. Enter your answer as a positive value. Round your answer to the nearest dollararrow_forwardAt the end of 2020, an Italian subsidiary of a U.S. parent reports €1,000,000 in equipment purchased when the exchange rate was $1.40, and €3,000,000 in equipment purchased when the exchange rate was $1.50. The average exchange rate for 2020 is $1.35, and the beginning and ending rates for 2020 are $1.42 and $1.31, respectively. If the Italian subsidiary’s functional currency is the U.S. dollar, the equipment account, in U.S. dollars, is a. $5,240,000 b. $5,350,000 c. $5,400,000 d. $5,900,000arrow_forward
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