Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134554525
Author: Tro
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 10, Problem 58E
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The Lewis structure for each ion is to be written.
Concept Introduction:
In Lewis structure, valence electrons are represented by dots and it is also known as dot structure.
A resonance form is another way of drawing a Lewis dot structure for a given compound. Equivalent Lewis structures are called resonance forms. They are used when there is more than one way to place double bonds and lone pairs on atoms.
Lewis model was discovered by an American chemist, G.N. Lewis.
Lewis model is used to represent the molecules.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
1) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the molecular models (ball and stick) as learning aids. Recommend an alternative to using this method for modeling molecules.
2) Build C6H6 as a ring. What do you notice about the placement of the bonds? This is an example of resonance. What is a resonant Lewis structure?
3) Explain how a diminished and expanded octet can be formed.
Consider an ionic compound, MX, composed of generic metal M and generic, gaseous halogen X.
The enthalpy of formation of MX is Δ?∘f =−437 kJ/mol.
The enthalpy of sublimation of M is Δ?sub =161 kJ/mol.
The ionization energy of M is IE =467 kJ/mol.
The electron affinity of X is Δ?EA =−341 kJ/mol.
The bond energy of X2 is BE =163 kJ/mol.
Determine the lattice energy of MX.
Which species listed below has the largest lattice energy?
A. CaCl2 B. LiCl C. BeO D. CaO E. CaS
Chapter 10 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry (6th Edition)
Ch. 10 - Q1. Which pair of elements has the most similar...Ch. 10 - What is the Lewis structure for the compound that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 10 - Q4. What is the correct Lewis structure for?
a....Ch. 10 - Q5. How many electron dots are in the Lewis...Ch. 10 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 10 - What is the molecular geometry of PBr3 ? a. Bent...Ch. 10 - What is the molecular geometry of N2O ? (Nitrogen...Ch. 10 - Prob. 9SAQCh. 10 - Q10. Which molecular is polar?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Ch. 10 - Prob. 1ECh. 10 - Write the election configuration for Ne and Ar....Ch. 10 - In the Lewis model, what is an octet? What is a...Ch. 10 - 4. What is the different between ionic bonding and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5ECh. 10 - Prob. 6ECh. 10 - 7. How are double and triple bonds physically...Ch. 10 - What is the procedure for writing a covalent Lewis...Ch. 10 - 9. How do you determine the number of electrons...Ch. 10 - How do you determine the number of electrons that...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11ECh. 10 - What are resonance structures? Why are they...Ch. 10 - Prob. 13ECh. 10 - 14. If all of the election group around a central...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15ECh. 10 - What is the difference between electron geometry...Ch. 10 - Prob. 17ECh. 10 - 18. What is the most electronegative element on...Ch. 10 - Prob. 19ECh. 10 - What is a dipole moment?Ch. 10 - Prob. 21ECh. 10 - Prob. 22ECh. 10 - Write an electron configuration for each element...Ch. 10 - 24. Write an electron configuration for each...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each element. a. I...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each element. a. Kr...Ch. 10 - Write a generic Lewis structure for the halogens....Ch. 10 - Write a generic Lewis structure for the alkali...Ch. 10 - Prob. 29ECh. 10 - Prob. 30ECh. 10 - Prob. 31ECh. 10 - 32. Write the Lewis structure for each ion.
a.
b....Ch. 10 - Indicate the noble gas that has the same Lewis...Ch. 10 - 34. Indicate the noble gas that has the same Lewis...Ch. 10 - Lewis structure for lonic compounds
35. Is each...Ch. 10 - Is each compound best represented by an ionic or a...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each ionic compound....Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each ionic compound....Ch. 10 - Use the Lewis model to determine the formula for...Ch. 10 - 40. Use the Lewis model to determine the formula...Ch. 10 - Prob. 41ECh. 10 - Prob. 42ECh. 10 - Prob. 43ECh. 10 - Determine what is wrong with each ionic Lewis...Ch. 10 - Use the Lewis model to explain why each element...Ch. 10 - Use the Lewis model to explain why the compound...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a....Ch. 10 - 48. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 10 - 49. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 10 - 50. Write the Lewis structure for each...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a....Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. a....Ch. 10 - 53. Determine what is wrong with each Lewis...Ch. 10 - 54. Determine what is wrong with each Lewis...Ch. 10 - 55. Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule or...Ch. 10 - 57. Write the Lewis structure for each ion....Ch. 10 - Prob. 58ECh. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. These...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for each molecule. These...Ch. 10 - 61. Determine the number of electron groups around...Ch. 10 - 62. Determine the number of electron groups around...Ch. 10 - 63. Determine the number of bonding groups and the...Ch. 10 - Determine the number of bonding groups and the...Ch. 10 - 65. Determine the molecular geometry of each...Ch. 10 - Determine the molecular geometry of each molecule....Ch. 10 - ...Ch. 10 - 66. Determine the molecular geometry of each...Ch. 10 - Determine the electron and molecular geometries of...Ch. 10 - Determine the electron and molecular geometries of...Ch. 10 - 71. Determine the bond angles for each molecule in...Ch. 10 - 72. Determine the bond angles for each molecule in...Ch. 10 - Determine the electron and molecular geometry of...Ch. 10 - Determine the electron and molecular geometries of...Ch. 10 - Determine the molecular geometry of each...Ch. 10 - 76. Determine the molecular geometry of each...Ch. 10 - Refer to Figure10.2 to determine the...Ch. 10 - Refer to figure 10.2 to determine the...Ch. 10 - List these elements in order of decreasing...Ch. 10 - 80. List these elements in order of increasing...Ch. 10 - 81. Refer to figure10.2 to find the...Ch. 10 - Refer to figure 10.2 to find the electronegativity...Ch. 10 - Arrange these diatomic molecules in order of...Ch. 10 - Arrange these diatomic molecules in order of...Ch. 10 - Classify each diatomic molecule as polar or...Ch. 10 - 86. Classify each diatomic molecule as polar or...Ch. 10 - Prob. 87ECh. 10 - Prob. 88ECh. 10 - Classify each molecule as polar nonpolar. a. CS2...Ch. 10 - 90. Classify each molecule as polar or...Ch. 10 - 91. Classify each molecule as polar nonpolar.
a....Ch. 10 - Classify each molecule as polar or nonpolar. a....Ch. 10 - Prob. 93ECh. 10 - Prob. 94ECh. 10 - 95. Determine whether each compound is ionic or...Ch. 10 - Determine whether each compound is ionic or...Ch. 10 - Write the Lewis structure for OCCI2 (carbon is...Ch. 10 - Prob. 98ECh. 10 - Prob. 99ECh. 10 - Prob. 100ECh. 10 - Prob. 101ECh. 10 - 102. Consider the precipitation reaction.
Write...Ch. 10 - Prob. 103ECh. 10 - Prob. 104ECh. 10 - 105. Each compound listed contains both ionic and...Ch. 10 - Prob. 106ECh. 10 - 107. Each molecule listed contains an expanded...Ch. 10 - Prob. 108ECh. 10 - Formic acid is responsible for the sting you feel...Ch. 10 - Diazomethane has the following composition by...Ch. 10 - Free radicals are molecules that contain an odd...Ch. 10 - Prob. 112ECh. 10 - Prob. 113ECh. 10 - Prob. 114ECh. 10 - Prob. 115ECh. 10 - Prob. 116QGWCh. 10 - Draft a list stepbystep instructions for writing a...Ch. 10 - for each of the following molecules:...Ch. 10 - The VSEPR model is useful in predicting bond for...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Bond Enthalpy When atoms of the hypothetical element X are placed together, they rapidly undergo reaction to form the X2 molecule: X(g)+X(g)X2(g) a Would you predict that this reaction is exothermic or endothermic? Explain. b Is the bond enthalpy of X2 a positive or a negative quantity? Why? c Suppose H for the reaction is 500 kJ/mol. Estimate the bond enthalpy of the X2 molecule. d Another hypothetical molecular compound, Y2(g), has a bond enthalpy of 750 kJ/mol, and the molecular compound XY(g) has a bond enthalpy of 1500 kJ/mol. Using bond enthalpy information, calculate H for the following reaction. X2(g)+Y2(g)2XY(g) e Given the following information, as well as the information previously presented, predict whether or not the hypothetical ionic compound AX is likely to form. In this compound, A forms the A+ cation, and X forms the X anion. Be sure to justify your answer. Reaction: A(g)+12X2(g)AX(s)The first ionization energy of A(g) is 400 kJ/mol. The electron affinity of X(g) is 525 kJ/mol. The lattice energy of AX(s) is 100 kJ/mol. f If you predicted that no ionic compound would form from the reaction in Part e, what minimum amount of AX(s) lattice energy might lead to compound formation?arrow_forwardAn important observation supporting the concept of resonance in the localized electron model was that there are only three different structures of dichlorobenzene (C6H4C10). How does this fact support the concept of resonance (see Exercise 89)?arrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for each of the following molecules or ions. (a) CS2 (b) BF4 (c) HNO2 (where the bonding is in the order HONO) (d) OSCl2 (where S is the central atom)arrow_forward
- Define the term lattice energy. Why, energetically, do ionic compounds form? Fig. 3-8 illustrates the energy changes involved in the formation of MgO(s) and NaF(s). Why is the lattice energy of MgO(s) so different from that of NaF(s)? The magnesium oxide is composed of Mg2+ and O2 ions. Energetically, why does Mg2+O2 form and not Mg+O? Why doesnt Mg3+O3 form?arrow_forwardPredict die molecular structure and bond angles for each molecule or ion in Exercises 88 and 94. a. POCl3, SO42, XeO4, PO43, ClO4 b. NF3, SO32, PO33, ClO3 c.ClO2, SCl2, PCl2 d. Considering your answers to parts a, b, and c. what conclusions can you draw concerning the structures of species containing the same number of atoms and the same number of valence electrons? (O3), sulfur dioxide, and sulfur trioxide.arrow_forward1) A) In the Lewis structure for IF2–, how many lone pairs of electrons are around the central iodine atom?a) 0b) 1c) 2d) 3e) 4B) The Cl–Xe–Cl bond angle in XeCl4 is closest toa) 90°b) 120°c) 150°d) 360°e) 109°C) Which of the following atoms cannot exceed the octet rule in a molecule?a) Bb) Snc) Pdd) Ie) All atoms exceed the octet rulearrow_forward
- Which statement is false given the following Lewis structures? Structure III is a valid structure for PF4 because P can expand its octet. Structure I is a valid structure for BBr3 because B (n=2) needs an octet of electrons. Structure II is a valid structure for SeH2 because H needs a duet of electrons. Structure IV is a valid structure for AsO43- because As can expand its octet.arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis Structure for each covalent system a-e below, and answer the question that follows: Electronegativites: H = 2.1 C = 2.5, B = 2.0N = 3.0, 0 = 3.5 S = 2.5, F = 4.0, Xe = 2.6 a. (OF 2 )Is this molecular POLAR or NONPOLAR? b. (XeF2) What is the geometry of this molecule? c. (SO 3 ^ 2- )What is the polyatomic ion geometry? (Assume "S" obeys octet) d.( CH 2 F 2 )Is this molecular POLAR or NONPOLAR? e.( BF 3 )Is this molecular POLAR NONPOLARarrow_forward4. a. (i) Describe the octet rule.(ii) Why does the boron trifluoride molecule, BF3, not obey the octet rule? Useformal charges to explain.arrow_forward
- Consider the SO 3 molecule. How many valence electrons does the molecule have? How many lone pairs of electrons are on the central atom? How many lone pairs of electrons in total are on the substituent atoms? How many resonance structures can be drawn for the molecule? If the ion doesn't exhibit resonance, indicate "1" as only one structure can be drawn for the molecule.arrow_forward1-How many total shared electrons are there in the Lewis structure of CS2? a.10 b.6 c.2 d.8 e.4 2-In which bond does the Cl atom have the highest electron density, i.e. it attracts the electrons in the covalent bonds the most? a.N—Cl b.H—Cl c.O—Cl d.S—Cl e.Br—Clarrow_forwardFor NO2- What is the molecular geometry? Give the formal charges for each atom. What is another resonance structure?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningGeneral Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Types of bonds; Author: Edspira;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jj0V01Arebk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY