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Introduction: Photosynthesis is the process in which the chloroplast of plants capture sunlight, and converts it into chemical energy stored as sugar and other molecules. This occurs in two stages known as the light reactions (require light) and, the Calvin cycle (synthesis). During light reactions, water is split to give off oxygen, and produces ATP and NADPH. During Calvin cycle, a carbon dioxide molecule is accepted by a carbon acceptor molecule (ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate, RuBP) and forms a six-carbon compound. This is converted into three-carbon sugars (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, G3P) through the oxidation of NADPH. Next, some of the G3P molecules form sugars and others regenerate to RuBP molecule.
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Modified MasteringBiology with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Campbell Biology
- Which part of the Calvin cycle would be affected if a cell could not produce the enzyme RuBIsCO?arrow_forwardA decrease in entropy occurs during the CO2 uptake phase of the Calvin cycle, as freely moving CO2 molecules become fixed into a carbon skeleton. How can this occur without direct participation by NADPH and/or ATP?arrow_forwardIn ________, electrons that have been energized by light contribute their energy to add phosphate to ADP, producing ATP. (a) crassulacean acid metabolism (b) the Calvin cycle (c) photorespiration (d) C4 pathways (e) photophosphorylationarrow_forward
- Is the following statement true or false? Unlike animals, which make many ATP by aerobic respiration, plants make all of their ATP by photosynthesis.arrow_forwardMatch each term with its most suitable description. ____ PGAL formation a. absorbs light ____CO2 fixation b. converts light to chemical energy ____ autotroph c. self-feeder ____ ATP forms NADPH does not d. electrons cycle back to photosystem ____ photorespiration e. problem in C3 plants ____ photosynthesis f. Calvin-Benson cycle product ____ pigment g. water molecules split ____ photolysis in photosynthesis h. rubisco functionarrow_forwardThe Calvin-Benson cycle starts with _______. a. the absorption of photon energy b. carbon fixation c. the release of electrons from photosystem II d. NADP+ formationarrow_forward
- If ribulose bisphosphate were removed from a chloroplast, which of the following statements would BEST describe the immediate result? b)ATP could not be produced in the thylakoid a) CO2 could not enter the Calvin cycle d) Light energy could not be trapped in the grana c) 02 could not enter the Calvin Cyclearrow_forwardWhich of the following terms regarding the Calvin cycle are mismatched? a.) rubisco and ATP production b.) PGAL and rearranged from glucose c.) carbon fixation and stromaarrow_forwardWhich of the following events happens during the Calvin Cycle stage of photosynthesis? A. H2O is split to produce oxygen. B. NADPH and ATP are produced. C. Carbon is fixed from CO2 into RuBP. D. Transfer of electrons from carrier to carrier.arrow_forward
- Through light reductions, ADP is phosphorylated into ATP via chemiosmosis. What is this process called? a. Reduction b. Calvin Cycle c. Photophosphorylation d. Photosynthesisarrow_forwardWhich of the following is an incorrect statement about the Calvin cycle? A.The main inputs to the reactions are NADPH, ATP, and CO2. B.The main outputs of the reactions are NADP+ , ADP, and sugar. C.More NADPH is used than ATP during the Calvin cycle. D.Carbon fixation is the first step of the processarrow_forwardCarbon dioxide is required for which of the following processes in photosynthesis? a) the Calvin cycle b) the splitting of water c) the absorption of water d) the production of ATP e) the light reactionarrow_forward
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning