Mueller and Oppenheimer (2014) conducted a series of studies comparing the effectiveness of taking classroom notes on laptops versus writing longhand. In one study, students were instructed to use their normal classroom note taking strategy using either a notebook or a laptop while they watched a brief lecture. A short time later, the students were given a quiz on the lecture material. Although the quiz results showed no difference between the two strategies for factual questions, the students using longhand had significantly higher scores for conceptual questions. Explain why the researchers cannot conclude that taking longhand notes causes better conceptual learning that taking notes on a laptop.
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Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE BEHAVIORAL
- In a research study, wherein the researcher wanted to know if people’s intelligence is perceived differently based on race, participants observed either a Caucasian, African American, or Asian American stimulus person giving a speech. All stimulus persons gave the same verbal speech. After observing this person, the participants had to rate the stimulus person’s level of intelligence on a scale of 1-10. The participants were separated by gender and their ratings were analyzed separately. How many possible interaction effects might the researcher find? Group of answer choices 3 0 1 2arrow_forwardVerbal intelligence was a topic that Jamie was very interested in. She conducted a study to see whether children with ADHD had lower scores on measures of verbal intelligence than those without ADHD. She divided children in her study into 4 groups- those clearly diagnosed with ADHD- combined type, those clearly diagnosed with ADHD- inattentive type, those with ADHD symptoms but not clearly diagnosed, and those without ADHD. Then she measured their scores on the Reading Comprehension task, Vocabulary task and Writing Task. What type of statistic did she run? A 4 way MANOVA A 4 way MANCOVA A one way MANOVA A Factorial MANOVAarrow_forwardAn American Automobile Association (AAA) study investigated the question of whether car owners or truck owners were more likely to change their own blown tire. The situation referred to in the study stated the following: “If you blew a tire on a trip, would you change the tire yourself?” A sample representative of the data used by AAA showed 663 of 818 car owners said that they would change the tire themselves while 541 of 733 truck owners said they would change the tire themselves. x n car owners 663 818 truck owner 541 733 The AAA research hypothesis was that truck owners would be more likely to change their tire themselves. Formulate the null and alternative hypotheses for this study. Let car owners be population What is the percentage of car owners who indicated that they would change their own tire?arrow_forward
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 0 2.6 2.7 2.7 1.7 2.5 3.2 3.3 2.2 3 3.2 5.2 0.6 1.8 3.8 1.5 1.9 1.9 3.8 5.9 1.3 1.2 2.4 2.9 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of απ 0.02. There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. There is…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low High Moderate Moderately Moderate Severe Severe 3.1 1.3 5.1 3.5 2.3 3.3 3.6 2.9 2.7 2.9 1.8 4.2 3 4 4.2 2 3.9 3.9 4.7 2.1 0.5 2.5 2.2 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.02. O There is not enough evidence to determine a difference between the treatments. O There is…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. Low Moderate High Moderate Moderately Severe Severe 1.6 2.9 3.8 3.4 0.9 1.3 3 2.8 1.8 3.1 3.3 3.2 2.7 3.7 2.4 4.9 3.8 2.9 3.7 3.2 4.9 1.7 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met. F-ratio: p-value: What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of a = 0.01. O There is sufficient evidence that there exists a significant difference between treatments. O…arrow_forward
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 0.5 2.7 3.4 2.6 1.7 0.8 2.6 5.3 3.3 1.9 1.1 4 2.6 1.4 4.3 2.6 1.4 2.9 3.6 4.6 3.1 3.2 4.8 1.4 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met.F-ratio: p-value:arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 2.4 0.2 2.5 3.5 1.6 1.7 2.7 4.3 2.7 3.4 2 3.4 0.5 1.2 5.2 5.1 2.4 2.3 4 3.5 1.8 0.3 4.1 3.8 From this table, conduct an one-way ANOVA. Calculate the F-ratio and p-value. Be sure to round your answers to three decimal places. Assume all population and ANOVA requirements are met.F-ratio: _____p-value: _____What is your final conclusion? Use a significance level of α=0.05. (Select one): There is sufficient evidence that…arrow_forwardIn studies examining the effect of humor on interpersonal attractions, McGee and Shevlin (2009) found that an individual’s sense of humor had a significant effect on how the individual was perceived by others. In one part of the study, female college students were given brief descriptions of a potential romantic partner. The fictitious male was described positively as being single and ambitious and having good job prospects. For one group of participants, the description also said that he had a great sense of humor. For another group, it said that he has no sense of humor. After reading the description, each participant was asked to rate the attractiveness of the man on a seven-point scale from 1 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). A score of 4 indicates a neutral rating. The females who read the “great sense of humor” description gave the potential partner an average attractiveness score of M = 4.53 with a standard deviation of s = 1.04. If the sample consisted of n = 16…arrow_forward
- Recent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 0.3 1.2 2.2 1.8 3.8 1.7 1.4 2.8 3.2 0.4 0.6 2.6 2.3 1.2 1.6 2.6 2 3.2 1.6 2.2 0.6 1.2 1.6 1 2.7 1 2.2 0.6 1.4 1.6 3.3 2.7 2.2 2.9 3.7 2.6 0.9 0.7 3.4 3.1 2.6 1.7 0.8 1.8 2 1.4 1.6 4.1 1.7 0.9 3.3 2.3 1.6 1.1 3.5 1.4 3.5 1.9 0.4 4.2 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.9 1.4 2.2 2.7 2.8 2.1 1.9 1.9 3.9 1.5 2.7 0.8 1.5 1 3 2.1 3.7 1.5 0.9 2.4 1.9 2.7 3.2 0.8 2.7 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.2 2.4 1.7 3.2 1.3 2.2 2.4 1.1 1 2.6 2…arrow_forwardRecent research indicates that the effectiveness of antidepressant medication is directly related to the severity of the depression (Khan, Brodhead, Kolts & Brown, 2005). Based on pretreatment depression scores, patients were divided into four groups based on their level of depression. After receiving the antidepressant medication, depression scores were measured again and the amount of improvement was recorded for each patient. The following data are similar to the results of the study. LowModerate HighModerate ModeratelySevere Severe 2.2 1.4 3.4 3.4 1.5 1.4 3.5 2.8 2.8 3.1 2.7 2.3 1.7 2.6 4.4 3.6 1.3 1.5 2.6 3.2 1.3 2.6 2.8 3.5 Fill in the summary table for the ANOVA test: degrees of freedom (d.f.) Sum of Squares (S.S.) Mean Square (M.S.) Between Within Total From this table, obtain the necessary statistics for the ANOVA:F-ratio (F-test statistic): p-value: η2η2 (Eta squared = Sum of squares betweenSum of squares totalSum…arrow_forwardWould an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate for a medical research team that is trying to figure out if a new medicine is effective in treating migraines? Justify your response.arrow_forward
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw HillBig Ideas Math A Bridge To Success Algebra 1: Stu...AlgebraISBN:9781680331141Author:HOUGHTON MIFFLIN HARCOURTPublisher:Houghton Mifflin HarcourtHolt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL