Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The value of
Concept Introduction :
The relation between standard Gibbs free energy change, standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change is as follows:
Here,
The Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant is related to each other as follows:
Here,
(a)
Answer to Problem 78E
ΔH0 (kJ/mol) | ΔS0 (J/K.mol) | ΔG0 (kJ/mol) | K | |
Step 1 | -908 | 181 | -962 | 4.33 x 10168 |
Step 2 | -112 | -147 | -68 | 8.3 x 1011 |
Step 3 | -74 | -267 | 6 | 9.0 x 10-2 |
Explanation of Solution
(b)
Interpretation:
The equilibrium constant for the first step at 825 0C should be calculated, assuming standard enthalpy change and entropy change are temperature independent.
Concept Introduction :
The relation between standard Gibbs free energy change, standard enthalpy change and standard entropy change is as follows:
Here,
The Gibbs free energy change and equilibrium constant is related to each other as follows:
Here,
(b)
Answer to Problem 78E
Explanation of Solution
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether there is a
Concept Introduction :
Ostwald process is a chemical process that converts ammonia into nitric acid.
(c)
Answer to Problem 78E
No thermodynamic reason. The purpose of using higher temperature is to increase the
Explanation of Solution
There is no thermodynamic reason for using higher temperature in step 1 of the Ostwald process. Since enthalpy change is negative and entropy change is positive, temperature should be lowered to shift the equilibrium to right side. But here, the purpose of using higher temperature is to increase the rate of the reaction.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 10 Solutions
Chemical Principles
- Data are given in Appendix 1 for white phosphorus, P4(s). P4(g) has the following thermodynamic values: Hf=58.9kJ/mol , S=280.0J/kmol . What is the temperature at which white phosphorus sublimes at 1 atm pressure?arrow_forwardWhich set of elements gives each of the following alloys: (a) brass; (b) stainless steel; (c) bronze; (d) sterling silver?1. Cu, Ag 2. Cu, Sn, Zn 3. Ag, Au4. Fe, Cr, Ni 5. Fe, V 6. Cu, Znarrow_forwardMention the raw material for the main method of industrial production of substances: a) Mg b) Al c) Si d) HNO3 e) NH3arrow_forward
- Consider the smelting of iron ore which consists of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. If Fe is produced in the pig iron, and FeO is produced in the slag, what are the chemical equations involved?arrow_forwardcalculate the amount of heat that was released or absorbed when 0.8g of carbon are converted to diamond molar mass :12.01 Species: C (+1.896 kJ/mol)arrow_forward(1) A metal that gets covered with a protective film of its oxide (Al, Cu, Ag)(2) A metal which burns in air with golden flame (Zn, K, Na)(3) A metal which can displace hydrogen from boiling water as well as steam (K, Zn, Fe)arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning