EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305892811
Author: Mankiw
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING - CONSIGNMENT
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Question
Chapter 10.3, Problem 3QQ
To determine
A private solution to externality.
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Why the market tends to fail when dealing with environmental issues? It is said many externalities in environmental economics have features that are similar to that of public goods. We know that the provision of some public goods such as lighthouse can be solved through the market rather effectively. What makes environmental goods such as clean air different from other public goods such as lighthouse? Why is it more difficult to solve the provision of clear air through the market?
1. Governments and pharmaceutical companies rushed quickly ahead to develop a vaccine. Vaccinations and immunizations are examples of positive externalities. A positive externality is when an activity creates a benefit for those who are not involved in the transaction, a third party.
Let’s examine the vaccination of Covid-19 as a positive externality.
Question: Why is the Covid-19 vaccination considered a positive externality?
2. Considering the information provided and your responses to Question 3 explain the potential unintended consequences of each one of these polices. Which policy would you enact and why?
мсо 46
If the units of output purchased in a competitive market generate positive externality benefits, we can infer that the competitive equilibrium outcome is such that:
A
the market price is equal to marginal social benefit
B
marginal private cost is greater than the market price
C
I do not want to answer this question.
D
marginal private cost is greater than marginal private benefit
E
marginal private cost is less than marginal social benefit
F
marginal private benefit is greater than marginal social benefit
Chapter 10 Solutions
EBK PRINCIPLES OF MICROECONOMICS
Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 1QQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2QQCh. 10.3 - Prob. 3QQCh. 10 - Prob. 1CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 2CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 3CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 4CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 5CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 6CQQCh. 10 - Prob. 1QR
Ch. 10 - Prob. 2QRCh. 10 - Prob. 3QRCh. 10 - Prob. 4QRCh. 10 - Prob. 5QRCh. 10 - Prob. 6QRCh. 10 - Prob. 1PACh. 10 - Prob. 2PACh. 10 - Prob. 3PACh. 10 - Greater consumption of alcohol leads to more motor...Ch. 10 - Prob. 5PACh. 10 - The many identical residents of Whoville love...Ch. 10 - Prob. 7PACh. 10 - Prob. 8PACh. 10 - Prob. 9PACh. 10 - Prob. 10PA
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- Do market demand curves reflect positive externalities? Why or why not?arrow_forwardRefer to Table 12.2. The externality created by the refrigerator production was 100. However, once we accounted for both the private and additional external costs, the market price increased by only 50. If the external costs were 100 why did the price only increase by 50 when we accounted for all costs?arrow_forwardHow can high-income countries benefit from covering much of the cost of reducing pollution created by low-income countries?arrow_forward
- The graph below depicts the market for a good with what type of externality present? Price 22 20- 18 16 4 12- 10- co 19090 6 A 2 0 To 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Quantity Social Cost D 160 O Negative production externality Positive consumption externality O Negative consumption externality O Positive production externality Private Cost 180 200arrow_forwardAiticle Link: https://bit.lv/3fbNtrFe The following graph represents the market for high-emissions cars. Answer this question assuming that the externality is not internalised. Price of high tmiiees vekides Secial Value Babetty high emistions vehiles What is the private value of the last unit traded (or the willingness to pay of the marginal buyer) in the market? P1 O P2 O P3 P4arrow_forward3. An externality is a consequence of an economic activity experienced by unrelated third parties; it can be either positive or negative. Evaluate the positive externalities and the negative externalities through examples from the real lifearrow_forward
- 1. How did Covid-19 affect businesses and the overall economy? 2. Governments and pharmaceutical companies rushed quickly ahead to develop a vaccine. Vaccinations and immunizations are examples of positive externalities. A positive externality is when an activity creates a benefit for those who are not involved in the transaction, a third party. Let’s examine the vaccination of Covid-19 as a positive externality. Question: Why is the Covid-19 vaccination considered a positive externality? 3. Market supply curve S and private demand curve Dp represent the market for vaccinations. Equilibrium is at point e, and the number of people getting the vaccination is Qe. Society would benefit, however, if more people would get the vaccination. Demand curve DS represents the marginal social benefit (MSB), which includes the private demand for vaccinations plus the external benefits that flow from it. Socially optimal enrollment would be Q1 (point f). Society would benefit the most by…arrow_forward1. What is an Externality? Explain the different types of Externalities. Give examples.arrow_forwardWhat are the different types of externalities please explain with examples? What are some examples of public policies to address externalities?arrow_forward
- . Both Wisconsin and Illinois border Lake Michigan. The lake is becoming polluted and both states are deciding whether or not to clean it. If Wisconsin decides to clean the lake it will cost 1200 and generate social benefits of 1500 – however, Wisconsin will receive only 1100 of those social benefits while neighbor Illinois will receive the other 400. If Illinois cleans the lake, it will cost them 700 and generate social benefits of 900 – however, Illinois will receive only 600 of those benefits, Wisconsin will receive the remaining 300. If a state does not clean the lake, it experiences a cost of $0. If both states clean the lake, the payoffs will be A. Wisconsin gains 100, Illinois gains 200B. Wisconsin gains 200, Illinois gains 300C. Wisconsin gains 200, Illinois loses 100D. Wisconsin gains 100, Illinois loses 100arrow_forward3. The effect of negative externalities on the optimal quantityof consumption Consider the market for pharmaceuticals. Suppose that a pharmaceutical factory dumps toxic waste into a nearby river, creating a negative externality for those living downstream from the factory. Producing additional pharmaceuticals imposes a constant per-unit external cost of $280. The following graph shows the demand (private value) curve and the supply (private cost) curve for pharmaceuticals. Use the purple points (diamond symbol) to plot the social cost curve when the external cost is $280 per unit. PRICE (Dollars per unit of pharmaceuticals) 800 720 640 560 480 400 320 240 160 80 O 1 2 3 □ O O ㅁ 4 Supply (Private Cost) Demand (Private Value) 5 6 7 QUANTITY (Units of pharmaceuticals) Social Cost ? The market equilibrium quantity is units of pharmaceuticals, but the socially optimal quantity of pharmaceuticals production is units. To create an incentive for the firm to produce the socially optimal…arrow_forwardWith Diagram, show how external effects can change supply and demand in electricity generation.arrow_forward
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