To identify: The number of CO2, ATP, and NADPH molecules required in the Calvin cycle to synthesize one glucose molecule.
Introduction:
Carbon dioxide diffuses into the chloroplast stroma, where sugar is created via the Calvin cycle, from the inside of a leaf through pores called stomata. Since light does not play a direct role in these processes, they are also known as light-independent reactions.
Carbon dioxide is converted into three-carbon sugars through the Calvin cycle, which involves the fixing (or incorporation) of carbon into organic molecules. The ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) produced in photosynthesis power and sustain this procedure. In contrast to the light reactions, which occur in the thylakoid membrane, the reactions of the Calvin cycle occur in the stroma.
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CAMPBELL BIOLOGY MOD MASTERING (18 WEEK)
- The terminal electron acceptor during the light reactions of photosynthesis is __________________________. (i.e. what picks up the electrons at the end of the light reactions of photosynthesis?) H2O Pyruvate O2 NADP+arrow_forwardWhich two products of the light-dependent reactions are used up in the Calvin cycle? Rubisco adds a CO2 molecule to a sugar that contains _______ carbons. The reaction product immediately splits into two sugars that each contain _______ carbons. O2 can compete with CO2 for a place in the rubisco active site. As a consequenceO2 is incorporated into RuBP instead of CO2. Why might this be a disadvantage?arrow_forwardMatch the column to the letters Question Answers 1. Third phase of the Calvin Cycle 2. number of molecules of both ATP and NADPH consumed to form 6 molecules of G3P 3. Number of molecules of G3P considered as a net gain of carbohydrate in the cycle 4. Fate of each molecule of 3-phosphoglycerate after receiving an additional phosphate group from ATP 5. # of molecules of RuBP resulting from the rearrangement of five molecules of G3P carbon skeletons in the last steps on the Calvin Cycle 6. Fate of 1,3 -bisphosphoglycerate after being reduced 7. Carbon fixation products 8. # of molecules of 3-PGA that will be reduced to form 6 molecules of G3P 9. RubisCo 10. # of molecules of G3P to be recycled to regenerate three molecules of RuBP a. 6 molecules b. Regeneration of the CO2 acceptor c. six-carbon intermediate that splits in half forming two molecules of 3-phosphoglycerate ( for each C02 fixed) d. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate e. enzyme that catalyzes the attachment of CO2 into RuBP…arrow_forward
- During photosynthesis, the synthesis of ATP is driven by the flow of H+ from the thylakoid lumen into the stroma via the enzyme ATP synthase. This synthesis of ATP in chloroplast achieved by a chemiosmotic mechanism is specifically called __________.arrow_forwardConsider the following diagram of a chloroplast. Label "C" represents the: Stroma Thylakoid Lumen Granumarrow_forwardWhich of the following would still be possible in a plant with nonfunctional mitochondria in the dark? Select all that apply. Krebs cycle Calvin cycle Oxidative phosphorylation Cyclic photophosphorylation Glycolysis Noncyclic photophosphorylationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements related to the Calvin Cycle is CORRECT? Six molecules of G3P are produced for every three carbon dioxide that undergo calvin cycle Carbon dioxide is attached to 3-phosphoglycerate resulting is 2 RuBP The regeneration of RuBP is important because it is directly used for the production of starch, cellulose, and glucose. One molecule of G3P exits the calvin cycle and five is used to form glucose for the production of starch, cellulose, and sucrose.arrow_forwardWhat is the name of the molecule that transports high energy electrons from the light reactions to the Calvin Cycle? ADP NAD ATP NADParrow_forwardThe high energy molecules that provide the energy to run the reactions of the Calvin cycle are ______________ and ________________. During the first step in the Calvin cycle, a molecule of carbon dioxide gas binds to a 5-carbon molecule called Ribulose 1,5-biphosphate (RuBP). This step of the Calvin cycle is called: ___________________________. After three carbon dioxide molecules have been fixed to three RuBP and the Calvin cycle completes one turn, the organic molecule that is produced is _______________________. Once two of the molecules from the previous blank have been produced, they can combine to make a single six-carbon __________________________ molecule.arrow_forward
- The "high energy electrons" used in the electron transport chain (ETC) of cellular respiration come from glucose. Plants and cyanobacteria produce glucose through photosynthesis. Where does the energy come from to produce glucose with "high energy electrons"?arrow_forwardFor each of the following sentences, fill in the blanks with the best word or phrase selected from the list below. Not all words or phrases will be used; each word or phrase can be used more than once. Calvin cycle can be organized into 3 basic stages. During the stage, the enzyme catalyze the fixation of by ribulose biphosphate. For each CO2 and RuBP, two molecules of get formed. During the phase, and are used to convert 6 molecules of 3-PGA into G3P. During the phase, one molecule of G3P leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of other compounds needed by the plant. The remaining 5 molecules of G3P regenerate . This enables the system to fix more . 3-phosphoglycerate NADPH fixation ATP pyruvate reduction…arrow_forwardWhich high energy molecules are needed to power the reactions of the Calvin- Benson cycle? OATP + WATER CO2 + WATER OATP+ NADPH O NADPH + CO2arrow_forward