Chapter 10.L2, Problem 1CT

a. Give an example of a benefit of genetic engineering to society and a possible adverse outcome. Discuss.

b. Give an example of an ecological benefit and a possible adverse side effect. Discuss.

Summary Introduction

To determine:

1. An example of a benefit of genetic engineering to society and a possible adverse effect.
2. An example of an ecological benefit and a possible adverse side effect.

Introduction:

Genetic engineering is the process of creating an organism with a modified genome, that either lacks or has extra genes. The organisms can be made to manifest desirable phenotypes. However, it is difficult to fully predict the results and impact of genetic engineering.

Explanation of Solution

The example of gene therapy illustrates both benefit to society and the adverse outcomes of genetic engineering. Gene therapy involves the use of genetically engineered vectors to insert a functional gene into a person who lacks it. The vectors most commonly used are adenoviruses. The therapy for lipoprotein lipase deficiency uses a genetically engineered adeno-based virus as the vector to insert a gene required for normal fat metabolism. This is the only approved gene therapy currently, and helps many people restore normal fat metabolism in their bodies. On the other hand, there was a case of gene therapy gone wrong when a mouse retrovirus-based vector for gene therapy caused leukemia in 5 children, due to the integrated of the vector DNA at a cancer-inducing site.

Genetically engineered plants and animals give us insight into the ecological benefit and harm that genetic engineering can lead to. EnviroPig was a project started with the aim of creating a pig that would digest excess phosphate in its feed and reduce phosphate pollution and leaching (which is a common problem in pig farms). On the other hand, we see the example of a genetically engineered form of canola, which has already passed on its herbicide-resistant genes to wild mustard, allowing it to grow into “superweeds” that cannot be controlled.

Conclusion

Gene therapy gives us an example of the benefit and the adverse effects of genetic engineering for society. The EnviroPig (reducing phosphate pollution) and herbicide resistant canola (causing superweeds) are examples of the ecological benefit and adverse effects of genetic engineering.