Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Consider following compounds,
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and have three types viz., London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one.
- Intermolecular forces are the forces acting between molecules whereas Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate within a molecule.
- Hydrogen bonding is a special type of Dipole-dipole forces but stronger than the former.
- London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds whereas dipole-dipole forces exist in polar covalent compounds but both are weak.
- Larger the molecular size, stronger the London dispersion force.
- Arrangement of major types of intermolecular forces in increasing order of strength:
There exist no deviations in this arrangement.
(a)
Explanation of Solution
Intermolecular force in each compound
(b)
Interpretation:
Consider following compounds,
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and have three types viz., London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one.
- Intermolecular forces are the forces acting between molecules whereas Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate within a molecule.
- Hydrogen bonding is a special type of Dipole-dipole forces but stronger than the former.
- London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds whereas dipole-dipole forces exist in polar covalent compounds but both are weak.
- Larger the molecular size, stronger the London dispersion force.
- Arrangement of major types of intermolecular forces in increasing order of strength:
There exist no deviations in this arrangement.
(b)
Explanation of Solution
To determine: heat of vaporization of Methanol
Given
Heat of vaporization of these three compounds (not in particular order) is,
The heat of vaporization of the compound increases with increasing intermolecular forces. So, the compound
Hence, the heat of vaporization of
(c)
Interpretation:
Consider following compounds,
Concept introduction:
Intermolecular forces are Van der Waals forces. They are weak and have three types viz., London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonding. Hydrogen bonding is relatively the strongest one.
- Intermolecular forces are the forces acting between molecules whereas Intramolecular forces are the forces that operate within a molecule.
- Hydrogen bonding is a special type of Dipole-dipole forces but stronger than the former.
- London dispersion forces exist in non-polar covalent compounds whereas dipole-dipole forces exist in polar covalent compounds but both are weak.
- Larger the molecular size, stronger the London dispersion force.
- Arrangement of major types of intermolecular forces in increasing order of strength:
There exist no deviations in this arrangement.
(c)
Explanation of Solution
To determine: vapour pressure of
Given
Normal boiling point of
By using Clapeyron equation vapour pressure has to be calculated.
Taking antilog of both sides,
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Lab Manual Experiments in General Chemistry
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