Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780135213759
Author: John McMurry, David Ballantine
Publisher: PEARSON+
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 11.89GP
One way to demonstrate the dose factor of ionizing radiation (penetrating distance × ionizing energy) is to think of radiation as cookies. Imagine that you have four cookies—an α cookie, a β cookie, a γ cookie, and a neutron cookie. Which one would you eat, which would you hold in your hand, which would you put in your pocket, and which would you throw away? Explain your reasoning.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Assume that you list the following types of electromagnetic radiation in order of increasing
wavelength: () the gamma rays produced by a radioactive nuclide used in medical imaging:
(ii) radiation from an FM radio station at 93.1 MHz on the dial; (iii) a radio signal from an AM
radio station at 680 kHz on the dial; (iv) the yellow light from sodium vapor streetlights; (v) the
red light of a light-emitting diode. Which one would be the second?
Lütfen birini seçin:
O a 680 kHz AM radio waves
O b. the red light
O c the yellow light
O d. 93.1 MHz FM radio waves
O e the gamma rays
Find the approximate radiation dose (in mSv) for 0.1
Gy exposure to thermal neutrons. (Hint: relative
biological effectiveness for various types of radiation
can be found in Table 32.2 in the text.) A range of
answers is acceptable.
(I) Why the physicochemical changes in liquid water caused by radiation is the key to understanding the biological effects of radiation? Please give a short, one-sentence explanation. (II) Name the three key stages of the physicochemical changes produced in liquid water due to radiation. (III) Briefly describe the three key stages. A one- or two-sentence explanation for each of the three key stages would be sufficient.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Pearson eText Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 11.1PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.2PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.3PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.4PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.5PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.6PCh. 11.4 - Prob. 11.7KCPCh. 11.5 - What are the three main classes of techniques used...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 11.2CIAPCh. 11.5 - The half-life of carbon-14, an isotope used in...
Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 11.9PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.10PCh. 11.5 - Prob. 11.11KCPCh. 11.6 - A -emitting radiation source gives 250 units of...Ch. 11.7 - What is the purpose of food irradiation, and how...Ch. 11.7 - What kind of radiation is used to treat food?Ch. 11.7 - A typical food irradiation application for the...Ch. 11.7 - A solution of selenium-75, a radioisotope used in...Ch. 11.7 - A typical chest X ray exposes a patient to an...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 11.6CIAPCh. 11.8 - What advantages does MRI have over CT and PET...Ch. 11.8 - Prob. 11.8CIAPCh. 11.8 - Prob. 11.15PCh. 11.8 - The element berkelium, first prepared at the...Ch. 11.8 - Write a balanced nuclear equation for the reaction...Ch. 11.9 - What other isotope besides tellurium-137 is...Ch. 11.9 - Prob. 11.19PCh. 11.9 - One of the possible reactions for nuclear fusion...Ch. 11 - Magnesium-28 decays by emission to give...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.22UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.23UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.24UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.25UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.26UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.27UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.28UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.29UKCCh. 11 - Prob. 11.30APCh. 11 - Describe how radiation, radiation, radiation,...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.32APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.33APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.34APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.35APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.36APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.37APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.38APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.39APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.40APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.41APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.42APCh. 11 - What characteristic of uranium-235 fission causes...Ch. 11 - What products result from radioactive decay of the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.45APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.46APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.47APCh. 11 - Balance the following equations for the nuclear...Ch. 11 - Complete the following nuclear equations and...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.50APCh. 11 - Cobalt-60 (half-life = 5.3 years) is used to...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.52APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.53APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.54APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.55APCh. 11 - Selenium-75, a emitter with a half-life of 120...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.57APCh. 11 - The half-life of mercury-197 is 64.1 hours. If a...Ch. 11 - Gold-198, a emitter used to treat leukemia, has a...Ch. 11 - Describe how a Geiger counter works.Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.61APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.62APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.63APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.64APCh. 11 - Match each unit in the left column with the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.66APCh. 11 - Sodium-24 is used to study the circulatory system...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.68APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.69APCh. 11 - Prob. 11.70CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.71CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.72CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.73CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.74CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.75CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.76CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.77CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.78CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.79CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.80CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.81CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.82CPCh. 11 - Although turning lead into gold in a nuclear...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.84CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.85CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.86CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.87CPCh. 11 - Prob. 11.88CPCh. 11 - One way to demonstrate the dose factor of ionizing...Ch. 11 - One approach for treating cancerous tumors is...Ch. 11 - Prob. 11.91GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- At the beginning of an experiment, a scientist has 268 grams of radioactive goo. After 180 minutes, her sample has decayed to 4.1875 grams.What is the half-life of the goo in minutes? Find a formula for G(t)G(t), the amount of goo remaining at time tt. How many grams of goo will remain after 32 minutes?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true? 1) The shortest wavelength of light is the ultraviolet ray, which is the highest in energy. 2) The longest wavelength of light is the ultraviolet ray, which is the highest in energy 3) The shortest wavelength of light is the visible light, which is the highest in energy 4 ) The shortest wavelength of light is the infrared ray, which is the highest in energy. 5) The longest wavelength of light is the infrared raywhich is the highest in energy .arrow_forwardIf you have a sample of unknown composition, a first step at analysis might be a determination of the masses of the atoms and molecules in the sample. A mass spectrometer to make such an analysis can take various forms, but for many years the best technique was to determine the masses of ionized atoms and molecules in a sample by observing their circular paths in a uniform magnetic field, as illustrated is shown. A sample to be analyzed is vaporized, then singly ionized. The ions are accelerated through an electric field, and ions of a known speed selected. These ions travel into a region of uniform magnetic field, where they follow circular paths. An exit slit allows ions that have followed a particular path to be counted by a detector, producing a record of the masses of the particles in the sample. The moving ions can be thought of as a current loop, and it will produce its own magnetic field. The direction of this field at the center of the particles’ circular orbit isA. In the…arrow_forward
- If a hospital were storing radioisotopes, what is the minimum containment needed to protect against:(a) cobalt-60 (a strong γ emitter used for irradiation)(b) molybdenum-99 (a beta emitter used to produce technetium-99 for imaging)arrow_forwardExplain why each of the following measurements is or is not the result of a Bernoulli trial: (a) The number of surgical procedures performed in a hospital in a week(b) A hospital patient’s temperature in degrees Celsius(c) A hospital patient’s vital signs recorded as normal or not normalarrow_forwardBelow is a Beer's Law Plot for the concentration of a specific colored compound x. A solution of compound X is measured with the spectrophotometer to have an optical density of 0.60. a) What is the concentration of compound X in this solution. Answers must contain proper units for full credit. b) The absorbance of this compound was measured at 540 nm. Why was this absorbance chosen? 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 805 4 0.4 0.3 0.2 Absorbance at 540 marrow_forward
- How do we understand biological effects of ionizing radiation?arrow_forwardHow are these equal? How would I know to match these? 25 km = 25,000 m 2.5 cm = 2.5 × 104 μm 0.25 m = 2.5 × 108 nm 2.5 mm = 2.5 × 10-6 kmarrow_forwardA drug has a measured diffusivity of 5*10^-6 cm^2/s^-1 at 37 degree Celsius. What is this drug’s Stokes-Einstein radius in nm?arrow_forward
- Palmitic acid is one of fatty acids found in butter. It is a saturated fatty acid containing 16 carbon atoms. A student performed the reaction between palmitic acid and methanol in the presence of acid catalyst to give the corresponding ester. 1. Draw the reaction occurred in this experiment! 2. Given that enthalpy of formation palmitic acid, methyl palmitate, methanol and water are -764, -726, -238, -285 KJ/mol, respectively. Determine the enthalpy of the reaction! 3. Methyl palmitate can be utilized as a starting material in the production of soap through saponification reaction. Draw the reaction occurred in this process!arrow_forwardThe standard curve to determine the amount of betacyanin is shown below. You extracted a red pigment from a beet disc (the mass of a disc is 2 g) using 10 ml of 20% ethanol solution. You measured absorbance of the solution above the beet disc every minute for a total time of 20 minutes. The increase in absorbance was linear during a period of time from 1 min to 10 min. The absorbance at 10 min was 0.8. Calculate the amount of betacyanin extracted from 1g of a beet tissue per minute. Explain your calculations. You can use Excel or a calculator.arrow_forwardhis is the result of an experiment in a spectrophotometer. please explain the graph (red and green one)arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337711067Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna BalacPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles Of Radiographic Imaging: An Art And A ...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337711067
Author:Richard R. Carlton, Arlene M. Adler, Vesna Balac
Publisher:Cengage Learning
DNA vs RNA (Updated); Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JQByjprj_mA;License: Standard youtube license