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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Factors should be taken to prevent ozone formation should be identified.
Concept introduction:
VOC is a volatile organic compound which vaporizes easily and is a fatal environmental pollutant. Hexane is one of the VOC and is a hazardous pollutant.
The compounds included in VOC are terpene, alcohols and
(b)
Interpretation:
Reason why refueling after dark prevents the increased concentration of ozone should be explained.
Concept introduction:
The ozone is produced by the reaction of nascent oxygen with the molecular oxygen present in the air. There are so many sources to produce nascent oxygen.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Bundle: Chemistry for Engineering Students, 3rd, Loose-Leaf + OWLv2 with Quick Prep and Student Solutions Manual 24-Months Printed Access Card
- Discuss the activity of ozone as a greenhouse gas. Write down the chemical reactions of ozone depletion.arrow_forwardExplain the relevance of the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its 2016 Kigali Amendment on regulating ozone depletion.arrow_forward2.) It’s a bad day in the lab! Two students are doing experiments. Each is 20 feet away from the professor. At the same time, each of them lets the same amount of a smelly gas into the room. One of them releases ammonia, NH3, and the other releases SO2. NH3 has a pungent odor, and SO2 smells like rotten eggs. The professor has no idea that this has happened, until she smell the first gas. Which chemical will the professor smell first? (NH3 or SO2) . If the professor starts to smell the first gas 42. seconds after the gas is released, how long will it take her to smell the second gas? sec. * Note: It is unsafe practice to work with these chemicals in an open lab.arrow_forward
- A commercial 737 jet transporting 143 passengers and 5 crew members from Kansas city (MCI) to Baltimore (BWI) burned 11800 lb. of Jet A fuel. Jet A fuel is kerosene based, consisting primarily of CnH2n+2 hydrocarbons, with n = 6 to 16, so the Carbon:Hydrogen ratio is close to 1:2. During this flight , how much CO2 (in kg) was released into the atmosphere? (assume the combustion of fuel was complete, so all fuel was converted into H2O and CO2).arrow_forwardHow do chemists know that none of the individual Lewis structures of ozone are not accurate depictions of an ozone molecule, and how is this discrepancy addressed?arrow_forward4. Photochemical smog is a type of air pollution in the troposphere of our planet produced when sunlight acts upon motor vehicle exhaust gases to form harmful substances such as ozone (O3). For example, nitrogen dioxide (NO2) reacts with atmospheric oxygen (O2) in the presence of light to produce ozone (O3) and nitrogen monoxide (NO).arrow_forward
- 7) Explain how NOx and SOx gases contribute to acid rain. 8) Explain how CFCS contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer.arrow_forwardSulfur hexafluoride or sulphur hexafluoride, formula SF6, is a colorless, odorless, non- flammable, and non-toxic gas. SF, is 23,500 times more potent than CO₂ as a greenhouse gas but exists in relatively minor concentrations in the atmosphere. Its concentration in Earth's troposphere reached 10.63 parts per trillion (ppt) in 2021, rising at 0.39 ppt/year. The electrical power industry used about 80% of the sulfur hexafluoride produced in 2000, mostly as a gaseous dielectric medium. Other main uses as of 2015 included a silicon etchant for semiconductor manufacturing, and an inert gas for the casting of magnesium. It is also the "air" in sneakers with little windows in the soles like Nike Air. 1. What is the theoretical pressure of 27.7 g sulfur hexafluoride in a 3 L round bottom flask at 13 °C ? (Show all work-including equations used written out unsubstituted!) 2. Is your answer correct? Hint-hint: The only way to do this from this level and chapter was to assume it was an ideal gas.…arrow_forwardLoss of atmospheric ozone has led to an ozone “hole” overAntarctica. The process occurs in part by three consecutive reac-tions: (1) Chlorine atoms react with ozone (O₃) to form chlorinemonoxide and molecular oxygen. (2) Chlorine monoxide forms ClOOCl. (3) ClOOCl absorbs sunlight and breaks into chlorine atoms andmolecular oxygen.(a) Write a balanced equation for each step.(b) Write an overall balanced equation for the sequence.arrow_forward
- Define the Ground-level ozone, which is the primary component of smog, forms when HC and NOx react in the presence of sunlight on hot, calm days.arrow_forwardTrue or False: Nitrogen Oxide is a precursor for both photochemical smog and acid rain.arrow_forwardIn Module #4, we discussed the role of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in catalyzing the destruction of O3 in the stratosphere. One example of a CFC that is known to exasperate formation of the hole in the O3 layer is dichlorodifluoromethane (CF2Cl2). In the year 2000, this chemical reached its peak concentration of 2.2 x 10-11 M in the atmosphere. The destruction of CF2Cl2 can be approximated as a first-order process and the 1996 treaty on CFC emissions has eliminated its release into the atmosphere. Given that the rate constant for destruction of CF2Cl2 in the atmosphere is 0.009 yr-1, how long will it take for the concentration of CF2Cl2 to decline to 0.22 x 10-11 M?arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781285199023Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage Learning
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