Concept explainers
College athletes, especially males, are often perceived as having very little interest in the academic side of their college experience. One common problem is class attendance. To address the problem of class attendance, a group of researchers developed and demonstrated a relatively simple but effective intervention (Bicard, Lou, Mills, Bicard, & Baylot-Casey, 2012). The researchers asked each athlete to text his academic counsellor “in class” as soon as he arrived at the classroom. The researchers found significantly better attendance after the students began texting. In a similar study, a researcher monitored class attendance for a sample of
a. Use a two-tailed test with
h. Compute a 95% confidence
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Statistics for The Behavioral Sciences (MindTap Course List)
- Rebecca Chory, Ph.D., now an associate professor of communication at West Virginia University, began studying the effect of such portrayals on patients' attitudes toward physicians. Using a survey of 300 undergraduate students, she compared perceptions of physicians in 1992—the end of the era when physicians were shown as all-knowing, wise father figures—with those in 1999, when shows such as ER and Chicago Hope (1994–2000) were continuing the transformation to showing the private side and lives of physicians, including vivid demonstrations of their weaknesses and insecurities. Dr. Chory found that, regardless of the respondents' personal experience with physicians, those who watched certain kinds of television had declining perceptions of physicians' composure and regard for others. Her results indicated that the more prime time physician shows that people watched in which physicians were the main characters, the more uncaring, cold, and unfriendly the respondents thought physicians…arrow_forwardRebecca Chory, Ph.D., now an associate professor of communication at West Virginia University, began studying the effect of such portrayals on patients' attitudes toward physicians. Using a survey of 300 undergraduate students, she compared perceptions of physicians in 1992—the end of the era when physicians were shown as all-knowing, wise father figures—with those in 1999, when shows such as ER and Chicago Hope (1994–2000) were continuing the transformation to showing the private side and lives of physicians, including vivid demonstrations of their weaknesses and insecurities. Dr. Chory found that, regardless of the respondents' personal experience with physicians, those who watched certain kinds of television had declining perceptions of physicians' composure and regard for others. Her results indicated that the more prime time physician shows that people watched in which physicians were the main characters, the more uncaring, cold, and unfriendly the respondents thought physicians…arrow_forwardLower level staff at the Spanish Town Hospital in St Catherine say they were instructed to stay clear of the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge who toured the facility this afternoon, a decision which, they say, has left them feeling “small”. The group, who asked not to be identified, said that they were part of the general staff that had gathered near corridors to glimpse Prince William and Kate who visited the vaccination centre and the maternity ward at the hospital. But what the staff said should have been a “light, feel-good moment” was dampened by orders from their supervisors and hospital senior staff to keep the areas sterile. It does not appear that this instruction was communicated to mid-level and senior staff members who recorded, greeted and cheered for the royal couple upon their arrival. “We are all human beings. Everybody have eyes to see. Them gwaan like them better than people and a the same worker them a run, them a go call tomorrow fi deal with things,” one of the…arrow_forward
- According to the American Management Association, most U.S. companies now test at least some employees and job applicants for drug use. The U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse claims that about 15% of people in the 18-25 age bracket use illegal drugs. Allyn Clark, a 21 year-old college graduate, applied for a job at the Acton Paper Company, took a drug test, and was not offered a job. He suspected that he might have failed the drug test, even though he does not use drugs. In checking with the company's personnel department, he found that the drug test has 99% sensitivity, which means that only 1% of drug users incorrectly test negative. Also, the test has 98% specificity, meaning that only 2% of nonusers are incorrectly identified as drug users. Allyn felt relieved by these figures because he believed that they reflected a very reliable test that usually provides good results. But is this really true? The accompanying table shows data for Allyn and 1,499 other job applicants. Based…arrow_forwardMany businesses use some type of customer loyalty program to encourage repeat customers. A common example is the buy-ten-get-one-free punch card. Drèze and Nunes (2006) examined a simple variation of this program that appears to give customers a head start on completing their cards. One group of customers at a car wash was given a buy-eight-get-one-free card and a second group was given a buy-ten-get-one-free card that had already been punched twice. Although both groups needed eight punches to earn a free wash, the group with the two free punches appeared to be closer to reaching their goal. A few months later, the researchers recorded the number of customers who had completed their cards and earned their free car wash. The following data are similar to the results obtained in the study. Do the data indicate a significant difference between the two card programs? Test with α=.05.arrow_forwardIn laparoscopic surgery, a video camera and several thin instruments are inserted into the patient's abdominal cavity. The surgeon uses the image from the video camera positioned inside the patient's body to perform the procedure by manipulating the instruments that have been inserted. The Top Gun Laparoscopic Skills and Suturing Program was developed to help surgeons develop the skill set necessary for laparoscopic surgery. Because of the similarity in many of the skills involved in video games and laparoscopic surgery, it was hypothesized that surgeons with greater prior video game experience might acquire the skills required in laparoscopic surgery more easily. Thirty‑three surgeons participated in the study and were classified into three categories, never used, under three hours, and three or more hours—depending on the daily number of hours they played video games at the height of their video game use. They also performed Top Gun drills and received a score based on the time to…arrow_forward
- In the book Essentials of Marketing Research, William R. Dillon, Thomas J. Madden, and Neil A. Firtle discuss the relationship between delivery time and computer-assisted ordering. A sample of 40 firms shows that 16 use computer-assisted ordering, while 24 do not. Furthermore, past data are used to categorize each firm’s delivery times as below the industry average, equal to the industry average, or above the industry average. The results obtained are given in the table below. A Contingency Table Relating Delivery Time and Computer-Assisted Ordering Computer-AssistedOrdering BelowIndustryAverage Delivery TimeEqual toIndustryAverage AboveIndustryAverage RowTotal No 4 12 8 24 Yes 10 4 2 16 Column total 14 16 10 40 Click here for the Excel Data File (a) Test the hypothesis that delivery time performance is independent of whether computer-assisted ordering is used. What do you conclude by setting α = .05? (b) Verify that a chi-square test is…arrow_forwardIn many colleges, educators are changing their approach to instruction from a “teacher/lecture-centeredmodel” to a “student-centered model” where students learn in a laboratory environment in which lectureis deemphasized and students can proceed at a pace suitable to their learning needs. In once schoolwhere this model was being introduced, of the 743 students who enrolled in the traditional lecture model, 364 passed; of the 567 in the student-centered model, 335 passed. Use a 0.05 level ofsignificance to test the claim that student-centered model results in a higher pass rate than the traditionalmodel?arrow_forwardSuzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University’s School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in which parents started a half-hour walk with their infants in a parent-facing or an away-facing stroller and then switched to the other type of stroller midway. Her results suggest that parents talked less to the babies, the babies had higher heart rates, and they were less likely to fall asleep in away-facing strollers than in parent-facing strollers. You are interested in testing the hypothesis that babies who travel in parent-facing strollers have different expressive vocabularies than babies who travel in away-facing strollers. You randomly assign 13 newborns to parent-facing strollers and 13 newborns to away-facing strollers. You then test the babies’ expressive vocabularies at age 36 months using the Expressive Vocabulary Test (EVT), which is designed primarily to assess children’s expressive vocabulary. The sample means and sums of squares of the scores for each of…arrow_forward
- Suzanne Zeedyk, a developmental psychologist at Dundee University’s School of Psychology, conducted a pilot study in which parents started a half-hour walk with their infants in a parent-facing or an away-facing stroller and then switched to the other type of stroller midway. Her results suggest that parents talked less to the babies, the babies had higher heart rates, and they were less likely to fall asleep in away-facing strollers than in parent-facing strollers. You are interested in testing the hypothesis that babies who travel in parent-facing strollers have different receptive vocabularies than babies who travel in away-facing strollers. You randomly assign 18 newborns to parent-facing strollers and 18 newborns to away-facing strollers. You then test the babies’ receptive vocabularies at age 18 months using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test—Revised (PPVT-R), which is designed primarily to assess children’s receptive vocabulary. The sample means and sums of squares of the…arrow_forwardA researcher rejected the bill where r(146) = .148, p = .03 and concluded that the effect size was?arrow_forwardA study claims that the combination of vitamin C with vitamin E is more effective for preventing the flu than vitamin C alone. In the study, a group of researchers studied 1132 subjects. The subjects were randomly assigned to out of three study groups. The first group of 310 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg daily of vitamin C. The second group of 418 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg of vitamin C and 200 IU of vitamin E daily. The third group of 404 subjects were instructed to take 600 mg of vitamin C and 400 IU of vitamin E daily. The incidence of flu over a season was recorded. All subjects knew which treatment they were receiving.This study is double-blind not an experiment blind, but not double-blind not blind. none of the abovearrow_forward
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