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Concept explainers
Indicate the most important type of intermolecular attraction responsible for solvation in each of the following solutions:
(a) the solutions In Figure 11.7
(b) methanol,
(C) methane, CH4, dissolved in benzene,
(d) the polar halocarbon
(e)
Figure 117 As potassium chloride (KCI) dissolves in water, the ions are hydrated. The polar water molecuIes are attracted by the charges on the K+ and Cl- ions. Water molecules in front of and behind the ions are not shown.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Chemistry: Atoms First
- 6-111 As noted in Section 6-8C, the amount of external pressure that must be applied to a more concentrated solution to stop the passage of solvent molecules across a semipermeable membrane is known as the osmotic pressure The osmotic pressure obeys a law similar in form to the ideal gas law (discussed in Section 5-4), where Substituting for pressure and solving for osmotic pressures gives the following equation: RT MRT, where M is the concentration or molarity of the solution. (a) Determine the osmotic pressure at 25°C of a 0.0020 M sucrose (C12H22O11) solution. (b) Seawater contains 3.4 g of salts for every liter of solution. Assuming the solute consists entirely of NaCl (and complete dissociation of the NaCI salt), calculate the osmotic pressure of seawater at 25°C. (c) The average osmotic pressure of blood is 7.7 atm at 25°C. What concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) will be isotonic with blood? (d) Lysozyme is an enzyme that breaks bacterial cell walls. A solution containing 0.150 g of this enzyme in 210. mL of solution has an osmotic pressure of 0.953 torr at 25°C. What is the molar mass of lysozyme? (e) The osmotic pressure of an aqueous solution of a certain protein was measured in order to determine the protein's molar mass. The solution contained 3.50 mg of protein dissolved in sufficient water to form 5.00 mL of solution. The osmotic pressure of the solution at 25°C was found to be 1.54 torr. Calculate the molar mass of the protein.arrow_forwardIndicate the most important types of intermolecular attractions in each of the following solutions: (a) The solution in Figure 11.2. (b) NO(I) in CO(I) (c) CI2(g) in Br2(l) (d) HCl(g) in benzene C6H6(l) (e) Methanol CH3OH(I) in H2O(I)arrow_forward6-68 If we add 175 g of ethylene glycol, C2H6O2, per 1000. g of water to a car radiator, what will be the freezing point of the solution?arrow_forward
- 6-66 What gives nanotubes their unique optical and electrical properties?arrow_forward6-32 Would you expect the solubility of ammonia gas in water at 2 atm pressure to be: (a) greater than, (b) the same as, or (c) smaller than at 0.5 atm pressure?arrow_forwardIndicate the most important type of intermolecular attraction responsible for solvation in each of the following solutions: (a) the solutions in Figure 11.8 (b) methanol, CH3OH, dissolved in ethanol, C2H5OH (c) methane, CH4, dissolved in benzene, C6H6 (d) the polar halocarbon CF2CI2 dissolved in the polar halocarbon CF2CICFCI2 (e) O2(I) in N2(l)arrow_forward
- 6-113 List the following aqueous solutions in order of decreasing freezing point: 0.040 M glycerin (C3H8O3) 0.025 M NaBr, and 0.015 M AI(NO3)3 Assume complete dissociation of any salts.arrow_forwardIndicate which of the following is more soluble in ethanol, C2H5OH: acetic acid, CH3COOH, or stearic acid, C17H35COOH.arrow_forward
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