Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanisms of given reactions involved in cleavage of ethers by hydrogen iodide are to be explained.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired electrons, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a functional group is substituted by any other functional group is called substitution reaction.
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
The
The
An
The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as
The stability of carbocation:
Ethers can be cleaved by hydrogen halides like
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ORGANIC CHEM. VOL.1+2-W/WILEYPLUS
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- Using your reaction roadmap as a guide, show how to convert cyclohexanol into racemic trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol. (1) (2) OH aa OH (3) trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol (racemic) OH "ОН Suggest reagents and experimental conditions for each step in this synthesis. From the choices provided, suggest appropriate reagents for each step. More than one reagent may be necessary. Use the minimum number of steps possible. Enter your answer as a letter, or a series of letters, in the order necessary to bring about the steps shown. Reagents: (c) ethylene oxide 1 OH (a) CH3ONa+, CH, OH (d) H₂SO4, H₂O (b) OsO4, H₂O2 ||Ⓡ (9) H₂SO4 (anhydrou$)) Na, NH3 (1) (k) NBS, heat (e) m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA) (f) pyridinium chlorochromatę) PBr3 (PCC) (h) NaOH (N-bromosuccinimide)arrow_forwardThe reaction of 1-bromopropane and sodium hydroxide in ethanol occurs by an SN2mechanism. What happens to the rate of this reaction under the following conditions?(a) The concentration of NaOH is doubled.(b) The concentrations of both NaOH and 1-bromopropane are doubled.(c) The volume of the solution in which the reaction is carried out is doubled.arrow_forwardAlpha-phellandrene, C₁0H16, is a pleasant-smelling chiral compound that may be obtained from the leaves of eucalyptus trees. It has the molecular formula C₁0H16 and a UV absorption maximum at 263 nm. On hydrogenation with a palladium catalyst, an achiral hydrocarbon with the formula C10H20 is obtained. Ozonolysis of alpha-phellandrene, followed by treatment with zinc and acetic acid, produces the following two compounds: CHIC-CH HOCHSCHICH CH(CH3)2 Propose a structure for alpha-phellandrene.arrow_forward
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