Business Its Legal Ethical & Global Environment
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781305224414
Author: JENNINGS
Publisher: Cengage
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The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is in the process of investigating a possible water contamination issue at the manufacturing facility of Northwest Forest Products. The EPA has not yet proposed a penalty assessment. Management feels an assessment is reasonably possible, and if an assessment is made, an unfavorable settlement is estimated between $20 and $30 million. How should Northwest Forest Products report this situation in its current financial statements?
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would like to adopt some new rules regarding environmental impact statements, but it is afraid that if too many people know about them ahead of time, the adverse publicity will force the agency to amend them. To avoid any public comment, the agency seeks to adopt the rules without publishing them. Which of the following statements is true regarding the agency's actions?
a. The agency is seeking to adopt the rules by a procedure that violates the rulemaking procedures set forth in the APA.
b. The agency has a right to act in this way and a duty to be efficient with taxpayer money.
c. The rules in this instance are procedural in nature and therefore are not required to be published.
d. The agency has no rulemaking authority, because only Congress can make legislative rules.
In a recent year, an oil refinery in Texas City, Texas, on the Houston Ship Channel exploded. The explosion killed 14 people and sent a plume of smoke hundreds of feet into the air. The blast started as a fire in the section of the plant that increased the octane of gasoline that was produced at the refinery. The Houston Ship Channel is the main waterway that allows commerce to flow from the Gulf of Mexico into Houston.
The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality express concern about the release of nitrogen oxides, benzene, and other known carcinogens as a result of blast. Neighbors of the plant complained that the plant had been emitting carcinogens for years and that the regulators had ignored their complaints about emissions and unsafe working conditions.
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Outline the costs that the company now faces as a result of the accident.
How could the company have reduced the cost associated with the accident?
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- Russell Forest Products Limited needed to upgrade a burner at its sawmill in Cochrane, Ontario, to comply with the new air pollution standards. The new burner, which is used to burn the scrap wood from its sawing operations, will not only reduce the amount of pollution, but will supply heat for the plant facility, including the wood dryer. In order to encourage Russell Forest Products Limited in its compliance with the stan- dards, the Province of Ontario extended an interest-free loan of $400,000 on December 31, 2011. The only conditions in obtaining the interest-free loan are that the loan proceeds be applied directly to the construction costs and that the loan be repaid in full on December 31, 2019. RussellForest Products Limited borrowed the remaining funds from the bank for the construction of the burner and will be paying interest at the rate of 7% per year. Instructions (a) Discuss the issues related to obtaining the interest-free loan from the Province of Ontario. (b)…arrow_forwardSeveral months ago, Jones Company experienced a spill of hazardous materials into the White River from one of its plants. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fined the company $405,000. The company contested the fine. In addition, an employee is seeking $180,000 damages related to the spill. Finally, a homeowner has sued the company for $260,000. Although the homeowner lives 30 miles downstream from the plant, he believes that the spill has reduced his home’s resale value by $260,000. Jones’ legal counsel believes the following will happen in relationship to these incidents: (a) It is probable that the EPA fine will stand. (b) An out-of-court settlement for $165,000 has recently been reached with the employee, with the final papers to be signed next week. (c) Counsel believes that the homeowner’s case is weak and will be decided in favor of Jones Company. (d) Other litigation related to the spill is possible, but the damage amounts are uncertain. …arrow_forwardThe city of Papagos, Arizona, had a deteriorating bridge in need of repair on a prominent public roadway. The city posted notices seeking proposals for an artistic bridge design and reconstruction. Davidson Masonry, LLC, which was owned and managed by Carl Davidson and his wife, Marilyn Rowe, decided to submit a bid to create a decorative concrete structure that incorporated artistic metalwork. They contacted Shana Lafayette, a local sculptor who specialized in large-scale metal creations, to help them design the bridge. The city selected their bridge design and awarded them the contract for a commission of $184,000.Davidson Masonry and Lafayette then entered into an agreement to work together on the bridge project. Davidson Masonry agreed to install and pay for concrete and structural work, and Lafayette agreed to install the metalwork at her expense. They agreed that overall profits would be split, with 25 percent going to Lafayette and 75 percent going to Davidson Masonry.…arrow_forward
- Superb Corporation is being sued for illness caused to local residents as a result of negligence on the company's part in permitting the local residents to be exposed to highly toxic chemicals from its plant. Superb’s lawyer states that it is probable that Superb will lose the suit and be found liable for a judgment costing Superb anywhere from $1,200,000 to $6,000,000. However, the lawyer states that the most probable cost is $3,600,000. As a result of the above facts, Superb should accrue Select one: a loss contingency of $3,600,000 and disclose an additional contingency of up to $2,400,000. a loss contingency of $3,600,000 but not disclose any additional contingency. a loss contingency of $1,200,000 and disclose an additional contingency of up to $4,800,000. no loss contingency but disclose a contingency of $1,200,000 to $6,000,000.arrow_forwardYour project team has been tasked to complete a project to build a new bridge to replace an old one on a road at a point that crosses a small river in a rural community. The old bridge to be replaced is on a single access road to the community and was recently damaged by heavy vehicles crossing it for a construction work in the village. The old bridge is still in use but has failed in the mid-section and can collapse in anytime – the project is therefore urgent from a safety point of view. The bridge is used by both vehicles and pedestrians at all times of the year. The community had petitioned the local council for support in replacing the old bridge but the response had been slow. A private company took the initiative and is replacing the bridge at their expense and has hired you and your team to manage the replacement project. Create a time estimate and cost estimate using estimation methods (1 page each inn tabular form).? Please Answer related to this question only. I posted…arrow_forwardSeveral months ago, Ayers Industries Inc. experienced a hazardous materials spill at one of its plants. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fined the company $470,000. The company is contesting the fine. In addition, an employee is seeking $540,000 in damages related to the spill. Lastly, a homeowner has sued the company for $300,000. The homeowner lives 30 miles from the plant, but believes that the incident has reduced the home's resale value by $300,000. Ayers’ legal counsel believes that it is probable that the EPA fine will stand. In addition, counsel indicates that an out-of-court settlement of $230,000 has recently been reached with the employee. The final papers will be signed next week. Counsel believes that the homeowner's case is much weaker and will be decided in favor of Ayers. Other litigation related to the spill is possible, but the damage amounts are uncertain. a. Journalize the contingent liabilities associated with the hazardous materials…arrow_forward
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- Environmental scientists David Pimentel, Rodolfo Zuniga, and Doug Morrison of Cornell University reviewed scientific estimates for the economic and ecological costs imposed by introduced and invasive species in the United States. They found that, as of 2005, approximately 50,000 species had been introduced in the United States and that these accountedfor over $120 billion in economic costs each year. These costs include direct losses and damage, as well as costs required to control the species. (The researchers did not quantify monetary estimates for losses of biodiversity, ecosystem services, and aesthetics, which they said would drive total costs several times higher.) Calculate values missing from the table to determine the number of introduced species of each type of organism and the annual cost that each imposes on our economy. Organisms that damage crop plants are the most costlyof introduced species. Weeds, pathogenic microbes, andarthropods that attack crops together account…arrow_forwardOn April 20, 2010, an explosion at BP PLC’s Macondo well in the Gulf of Mexico caused the largest oil spill and one of the worst environmental disasters in U.S. history. Because the incident occurred at the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig, this incident is often referred to as the Deepwater Horizon spill. Approximately 4.9 million barrels of oil were released, threatening the marine environment of the Gulf of Mexico as well as the environment and communities of the Gulf Coast region of the United States. In addition, 11 workers died and 17 were injured in the explosion. While BP bore primary legal responsibility for the spill, Transocean Corporation (the drilling rig operator) and Halliburton Company (the construction contractor) were also held partially responsible. The spill’s financial costs to BP were enormous but also highly uncertain in the years that followed. Initially, the company incurred large costs to respond to the explosion and contain the spill. As time passed, the…arrow_forwardSeveral months ago, Ayers Industries Inc. experienced a hazardous materials spill at one of its plants. As a result, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) fined the company $430,000. The company is contesting the fine. In addition, an employee is seeking $540,000 in damages related to the spill. Lastly, a homeowner has sued the company for $270,000. The homeowner lives 30 miles from the plant, but believes that the incident has reduced the home's resale value by $270,000. Ayers’ legal counsel believes that it is probable that the EPA fine will stand. In addition, counsel indicates that an out-of-court settlement of $230,000 has recently been reached with the employee. The final papers will be signed next week. Counsel believes that the homeowner's case is much weaker and will be decided in favor of Ayers. Other litigation related to the spill is possible, but the damage amounts are uncertain. a. Journalize the contingent liabilities associated with the hazardous materials…arrow_forward
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