Concept explainers
To determine:
The difference between the terms bactericidal and bacteriostatic in relation to microbial control agents.
Concept introduction:
The adverse effect of antimicrobial agents on microbial cells that lead to their death is known as the mode of action. Agents affect cell targets that inflict damage leading to death of the microbial cell or slow down the
To determine:
An experimental method to test whether a control agent exhibits bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects.
Concept introduction:
To devise an effective treatment for the infectious disease, the determination of antimicrobial agent which is most effective against a specific pathogen is necessary. The mode of action of various types of antimicrobials determines their effect on microbial growth.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
GEN COMBO LOOSELEAF MICROBIOLOGY:A SYSTEMS APPROACH; CONNECT ACCESS CARD
- Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase, which breaks the beta-lactam ring in the penicillin molecule and converts it into penicilloic acid, which is harmless to bacteria. This is an example of which of the following mechanisms of antibiotic resistance? which option below is the answer? Destruction or inactivation of the antibiotic by the microbe Preventing penetration to the target site within the microbe Alteration of the drug’s target site(s) within the microbe None of the other four answers are correct Rapid ejection (pumping) of the drug out of the microbial cellarrow_forwardWhy is the effectiveness of an antimicrobial agent determined using an exponentially growing bacterial culture? Please explain.arrow_forwardThe type of antimicrobial drug that would be most likely to have toxic effects in humans based on the premise of selective toxicity when treating microbial infection would be a drug that O 1) inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall O 2) inhibits metabolic pathways O 3) disrupts the cytoplasmic membrane 4) inhibits protein synthesis 5) All of the above have equal potential to be toxicarrow_forward
- Design a concept map on microbial growth that would contain the key features of the following concepts (Requirements of microbial growth, Bacterial Growth, Control of Bacterial Growth and Antimicrobial methods).arrow_forwardMedia, such as Mueller-Hinton agar, that neither restricts the growth of certain microbes nor distinguishes between the types microbes that do grow is: Incorrect Answer: B. Differential only Correct Answer: O C. General purpose Rationale:arrow_forwardExplain why sulfa drugs prevent bacterial growth without harming the human host.arrow_forward
- If a bacterial species is not susceptible to an antibacterial drug at the concentration present in a particular disk, does that necessarily mean the species is completely resistant to the drug? Explain your answer. What is the mode of action of bacitracin? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? What is the mode of action of tetracycline? How does this influence the types of bacteria it can be used against effectively? Describe how populations of bacteria can evolve resistance to antibiotics. In your description, use the terms/phrases: mutation, resistant, sensitive, individuals, populations, natural selection, horizontal gene transfer.arrow_forwardWhat are the potential consequences of long-term and widespread use of antimicrobial therapy on microbial populations and their evolution?arrow_forward). Consider a culture medium on which only gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus colonies can grow due to an elevated NaCl level. A yellow halo surrounds the growth, indicating the bacterium fermented sugar in the medium, decreasing the pH as a result and changing the color of a pH indicator chemical. This type of medium would be referred to as a(n): A) Selective medium. B) Differential medium. C) Enrichment culture. D) Selective and differential medium. E) Differential and enrichment culture.arrow_forward
- Describe three groups of microorganisms that are resistant to certain chemical treatments.arrow_forwardArea of no growth (zone of inhibition) around an antibiotic disk on Mueller Hinton Agar indicates a) The organism is resistant to that particular antibiotic b) The organish is susceptible to that antibiotic c) The chemical agent lacks the ability to diffuse into the medium d) none of the abovearrow_forwardCould an organism that is susceptible to an antimicrobial agent in laboratory testing fail to respond to it when that drug is used to treat the patient? Explain.arrow_forward
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