Laboratory Manual for Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134283814
Author: Michael D. Johnson, Bert Atsma
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 5TY
All of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission except
a. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane
b. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membrane
c. Ca2+
d. neurotransmitters
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What determines the effect of neurotransmitter release on the post-synaptic neurons?
a. the size of the action potential.
b. the post-synaptic receptors
c. the neurotransmitter contained in the synaptic vesicles.
d. the concentration of calcium ions reached in presynaptic terminals.
e. the size of the synaptic vesicles.
If you increase the amount of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft, how would you expect the post-synaptic potential (PSP) to change?
a) The PSP would be stronger
b) The PSP would change from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing
c) The PSP would not change
Which of the following is the role of axonal Calcium (Ca2+) channels in neuronal communication at the synapse?
a) they inhibit the action potential causing it to stop
b) Calcium channels have no role in this process
c) by allowing calcium to exit the cell, they promote the propagation of action potential across the synapse by creating depolarization
d) by blocking calcium entrance, they mediate the contraction of presynaptic axon to facilitate movement
e) when they open, calcium enters the presynaptic terminal, promoting fusion of neurotransmitter vesicles with presynaptic membrane, and release of neurotransmitters to the synaptic cleft
Chapter 11 Solutions
Laboratory Manual for Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues (8th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Do you see any change in the popularity of high...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11 -
1. Distinguish between the central nervous system...Ch. 11 - Explain what is meant by summation of graded...Ch. 11 - Describe, in terms of the opening and closing of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CRCh. 11 -
6. List the three major divisions of the brain...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CRCh. 11 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CRCh. 11 - Prob. 10CRCh. 11 -
1. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic...Ch. 11 - All of the following are directly involved in...Ch. 11 - An__________ neurotransmitter causes________ of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - Prob. 11TYCh. 11 - Prob. 12TYCh. 11 - Prob. 13TYCh. 11 - Prob. 14TYCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYCh. 11 -
1. Explain in terms of brain anatomy and function...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 11 -
8. Certain bacteria, such as those that cause...
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- Which of these is least likely to trigger an action potential in a post-synaptic cell? A)EPSPs and IPSPs arrive simultaneously at multiple synapses. B)The other choices are equally likely to trigger an action potential. C)Single EPSPs arrive simultaneously at multiple synapses. D)Multiple EPSPs arrive rapidly at a single synapse.arrow_forwardPost synaptic neurons membrane potentials are less negative than resting membrane potentials when this occur A. Creates a new set point for the resting membrane potential B. Has a lower propensity to produce an action potential C. Reacts by generating action potential D. Higher chance of reaching the potential thresholdarrow_forwardA patch-clamp device is used to a. Study the properties of individual neurotransmitters b. Study the properties of individual membrane channels c. Measure the strength of an electrochemical gradient d. Infuse different kinds of ions into an axonarrow_forward
- In which of these ways does a metabotropic synapse differ from an ionotropic synapse? a. Its effects are slower to start and last longer. b. Its effects are faster to start and last longer. c. Its effects are slower to start and briefer in duration. d. Its effects are faster to start and briefer in duration.arrow_forwardMost human axons have a myelin sheath that_____ . a. prevents action potentials from moving backward b. increases the speed of action potential conduction c. consists of specialized interneurons d. increases the size of action potentialsarrow_forwardWhat membrane protein of the neuron is responsible for briefly increasing the Na+ permeability of the membrane during the rising phase of the nerve impulse? a. the sodium-potassium pump b. the voltage gated potassium channel c. the voltage gated sodium channel d. the stimulus gated sodium channel e. the ligand gated ion channelarrow_forward
- How do neurotransmitters directly affect the postsynaptic neuron? A)They cause a change in the electrical potential, exciting the neuron and causing it to fire b)They cause a change in the electrical potential, either exciting or inhibiting the next neuron. C)They cause a change in the electrical potential, inhibiting the neuron and stopping it from fi d)They connect with the appropriate receptor on the postsynaptic neuronarrow_forwardNeurotransmitters are released by_____ . a. axon terminals c. dendrites b. a neuron cell body d. glial cellsarrow_forwardWhen summation of multiple graded synaptic potentials occurs which of the following would "neutralize/cancel out" an EPSP in dendrites? A. opening a voltage gated sodium channel B. opening a voltage gated calcium channel C. openning a ligand gated calcium channel D. closing a ligand gated potassium channel E. opening a ligand gated chloride channelarrow_forward
- A neuron may receive signals from thousands of synaptic terminals. What determines whether the receiving neuron will respond by transmitting a signal? a. the concentration of transmitter inside the receiving neuron b. the summation of excitatory and inhibitory signals received c. the number of glial cells contact the receiving neuronarrow_forwardAll of the following are directly involved in synaptic transmission excepta. voltage-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membraneb. chemical-sensitive ion channels on the postsynaptic membranec. Ca2+d. neurotransmittersarrow_forwardOrganophosphate pesticides inhibit the action of acetylcholinesterase. What effect does this have in the cell? Select one: a. It prevents synthesis of ACh in the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter release b. It prevents breakdown of ACh in the synapse causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell c. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing increased activity at the postsynaptic cell d. It prevents binding of ACh on the postsynaptic cell causing less activity e. It prevents reuptake of ACh into the presynaptic terminal causing less neurotransmitter synthesis.arrow_forward
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