(a)
Interpretation:
The atoms of a main-group element in period
Concept introduction:
On moving from left to right in a periodic table, the effective nuclear charge increases. The effective nuclear charge pulls the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom becomes smaller.
On moving from top to bottom in the group, the higher principal energy levels become farther from the nucleus. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge cannot pull the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom size becomes larger.
(b)
Interpretation:
The atoms of a main-group element in period
Concept introduction:
On moving from left to right in a periodic table, the effective nuclear charge increases. The effective nuclear charge pulls the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom becomes smaller.
On moving from top to bottom in the group, the higher principal energy levels become farther from the nucleus. Therefore, the effective nuclear charge cannot pull the valence electrons closer to the nucleus. Thus, the atom size becomes larger.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 11 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- In each of the following sets of elements, indicate which element has the smallest atomic size. msp;a.Na,K,Rbc.N,P,Asb.Na,Si,Sd.N,O,Farrow_forward• identify an orbital (as 1s, 3p, etc.) from its quantum numbers, or vice versa.arrow_forwardWhat is the radius, in angstroms, of the orbital of an electron with n = 8 in a hydrogen atom?arrow_forward
- How many electron orbitals are there of each of the subshell types listed in Problem 3-68? a. 3p b. 4p c. 6s d. 4darrow_forwardFor each of the following elements, specify the extent to which the subshell containing the distinguishing electron is filled (s2, p3, p5, d4, etc.). a. 13Al b. 23V c. 20Ca d. 36Krarrow_forwardWhen the Sojourner spacecraft landed on Mars in 1997, the planet was approximately 7.8 107 km from Earth. How long did it take for the television picture signal to reach Earth from Mars?arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Engineering StudentsChemistryISBN:9781337398909Author:Lawrence S. Brown, Tom HolmePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax