Masteringbiology With Pearson Etext -- Valuepack Access Card -- For Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134254906
Author: Johnson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 8AWK
Certain bacteria, such as those that cause botulism or tetanus, produce toxins that interfere with neuromuscular transmission. From what you know of neuromuscular transmission, how might such toxins work?
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What could happen if you block the binding of acetylcholine to its receptors at the neuromuscular junction?
When curare, a neuromuscular poison, is dropped onto an isolated muscle-nerve preparation in a laboratory, the muscle does not contract when the nerve is stimulated, even though neurotransmitter is released from the nerve cell. Why does this happen? How might this action of curare be lethal to an individual who has been poisoned?
All of the following characteristics apply to skeletal muscle except
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Masteringbiology With Pearson Etext -- Valuepack Access Card -- For Human Biology: Concepts And Current Issues
Ch. 11 - Do you see any change in the popularity of high...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2QCCh. 11 -
1. Distinguish between the central nervous system...Ch. 11 - Explain what is meant by summation of graded...Ch. 11 - Describe, in terms of the opening and closing of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 4CRCh. 11 - Prob. 5CRCh. 11 -
6. List the three major divisions of the brain...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7CRCh. 11 - Prob. 8CR
Ch. 11 - Prob. 9CRCh. 11 - Prob. 10CRCh. 11 -
1. Which of the following statements correctly...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2TYCh. 11 - Prob. 3TYCh. 11 - What do multiple sclerosis and ALS (amyotropic...Ch. 11 - All of the following are directly involved in...Ch. 11 - An__________ neurotransmitter causes________ of...Ch. 11 - Prob. 7TYCh. 11 - Prob. 8TYCh. 11 - Prob. 9TYCh. 11 - Prob. 10TYCh. 11 - Prob. 11TYCh. 11 - Prob. 12TYCh. 11 - Prob. 13TYCh. 11 - Prob. 14TYCh. 11 - Prob. 15TYCh. 11 -
1. Explain in terms of brain anatomy and function...Ch. 11 - Prob. 2AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 11 - Prob. 7AWKCh. 11 -
8. Certain bacteria, such as those that cause...
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- Why would severe trauma to skeletal muscle such as acrush injury have permanently disabling effects?arrow_forwardMotor neurons release what type of neurotransmitter onto the motor end plate of skeletal muscles? What effect does this neurotransmitter have on the postsynaptic membrane?arrow_forwardDescribe the sequence of events that occurs from the time the patellar tendon is stretched to the time the leg is extendedarrow_forward
- How do we know that there are vesicles filled with neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction? Why are they termed ‘quanta’?arrow_forwardWhy is it important to remove acetylcholine from its binding to acetylcholine receptors once the neural stimulus ends? What can be the possible consequence of the non-removal of acetylcholine to the skeletal muscle fiber?arrow_forwardA skeletal muscle can be stimulated, under laboratory conditions, with a supramaximal stimulus. Is it possible for the muscle to respond with a supramaximal contraction? Explainarrow_forward
- Why is an interneuron needed to provide reciprocal inhibition of the flexor muscle when an extensor muscle is activated?arrow_forwardDescribe the effect of the botulinum toxin, which inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Would the poison curare, which competes for acetylcholine receptors (by attaching to the acetylcholine receptors and preventing acetylcholine from binding) have a similar effect? Explainarrow_forwardYou are a brilliant (but evil) biochemist who is developing a toxin that can be used to paralyze skeletal muscle. Using your knowledge of how muscle contraction happens at the cellular and molecular levels, identify two steps in the sequence of events necessary for the contraction that could be disrupted to cause paralysis, and explain why each disruption would prevent muscle contraction.arrow_forward
- Explain how it makes sense physiologically that the last fibers to be recruited to contract are the first to fatigue, while the first fibers to be recruited to contract would be the last to fatigue.arrow_forwardWhy might stretching a cramping muscle INCREASE the cramping, as well as why would contracting the opposing muscle rapidly improve the situation?arrow_forwardIn the rare neuromuscular disorder Myasthenia Gravis, autoantibodies are produced which inhibit acetylcholine receptor (nicotinic receptor) activity. Explain how inhibition of acetylcholine receptor activity at the neuromuscular junction will affect the sequence of events in muscular excitation and contraction in response to stimuli, and muscle function? (Mention the effects on all the significant events involved in excitation and contraction of muscles, and how it would affect muscle function).arrow_forward
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