LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 11.2, Problem 2R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The control of the cell cycle by cyclin-Cdk (cyclin-dependent kinases).
Introduction:
The cell cycle is defined as a sequence of events that occur in a cell, which cause the cell to divide. In this process, the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is duplicated and divided equally into two daughter cells. In eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle is divided into two phases, which are the M (mitotic) phase and the interphase. The interphase is sub-divided into three phases, which are G (gap)1 phase, G2 phase, and S (synthesis) phase.
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How do cyclins and CDKs differ? How do they interact in controlling the cell cycle?
How does the activity of MPF (CDK1) vary throughout the cell cycle? Is this correlated
with concentration of cyclins? How does cyclin concentration affect MPF activity?
Which of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs?
A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle
B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle
C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins
D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors
.
Chapter 11 Solutions
LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.1 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.2 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 3R
Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.3 - Prob. 5RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.4 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.5 - Prob. 4RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.6 - Prob. 3RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 1RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 2RCh. 11.7 - Prob. 3R
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What are cyclins? What is their role in the regulation of the cell cycle?arrow_forwardHow does the dysregulation of cell cycle checkpoints contribute to the development of cancer?arrow_forwardIf the S cyclin is mutated at its phosphorylation site, which checkpoint will be affected? Which conditions will escape from control during the cell cycle?arrow_forward
- Describe kinases and cyclins. How do they interact to cause cells to move through the cell cycle?arrow_forwardThe cell cycle control system is a cycling set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. This is all controlled by growth factors. a) Identify the major checkpoints in a cell and its function. b)Explain the role of the growth factor.arrow_forwardWhat are cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases for? Describe how do these factors affect cell proliferation.arrow_forward
- After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the protein which drives the transcription of the gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53arrow_forwardWhat aspects of the cell cycle are controlled by the G1, G2, and M checkpoints? How are cyclins and cyclin-dependent protein kinases involved in cell cycle regulation at checkpoints?arrow_forwardWhat cellular mechanism(s) ensure that passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible? What molecular machinery underlies these mechanism(s)?arrow_forward
- In the following study, the investigators wanted to determine the role of cyclin B in controlling the cell cycle. Earlier researchers had found that extracts made from frog eggs (Xenopus) contained all the necessary proteins and machinery required for DNA replication. This included proteins that regulated the mitosis promoting factor (MPF). At the time of this study, cyclin B was show to affect MPF activity and the research group wanted to test using Xenopus egg extract in an assay. In Figure 1 (a) MPF activity was tested for its ability to phosphorylate Histone (H1) in sperm chromatin over a certain period of time. Additionally, the cyclin B concentration in the extract was measured. In figure 1b, the extract was tested after treatment with RNase which degraded only the mRNA and not RNA or FRNA in the extract. Knowing that cyclin B is a short-lived protein, why do you suppose the graph shows the results you see in figure 1b?arrow_forwardImagine that there are mutations in the CDK genes such that their gene products are nonfunctional. What effect would this mutation have on an immature unspecialized blood cell precursor found in the bone marrow? The cell would not be able to reproduce itself. The cell would complete the cell cycle using cyclins in the absence of CDKS. The cell would be able to replicate its DNA but not translate DNA into RNA. The cell would be able to enter mitosis but not complete it. The cell would still phosphorylate the CDK-associated target proteins, and would do so more quickly.arrow_forwardDescribe how cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases are related. How do these molecules help regulate the cell cycle?arrow_forward
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