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Vioxx In September 2004, the pharmaceutical company Merck withdrew its blockbuster drug rofecoxib (a painkiller, better known under its brand name, Vioxx) from the worldwide market amid concerns about its safety. By that time, millions of people had used the drug. In a 2000 study comparing rofecoxib to a control group (naproxen), it was mentioned that “Myocardial infarctions were less common in the naproxen group than in the rofecoxib group (0.1 percent vs. 0.4 percent; 95 percent confidence interval for the difference, 0.1 to 0.6 percent; relative risk. 0.2; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.1 to 0.7)”. (Source: Bombadier et al., New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 343, 2000, pp. 1520-8.)
- a. Find and interpret the difference of proportions between the naproxen and rofecoxib groups.
- b. Interpret the stated relative risk.
- c. In this study, myocardial infarctions were how much more likely to occur in the rofecoxib group than in the naproxen group?
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Statistics, Books a la Carte Edition Plus MyLab Statistics with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (4th Edition)
- You are concerned that nausea may be a side effect of Tamiflu, but you cannot just give Tamiflu to patients with the flu and say that nausea is a side effect if people become nauseous. This is because nausea is common for people who have the flu. From past studies you know that about 32% of people who get the flu experience nausea. You collected data on 2254 patients who were taking Tamiflu to relieve symtoms of the flu, and found that 778 experienced nausea. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the percentage of people who take Tamiflu for the relief of flu symtoms and experience nausea is greater than 32%. d) Calculate your test statistic. Write the result below, and be sure to round your final answer to two decimal places.e) Calculate your p-value. Write the result below, and be sure to round your final answer to four decimal places.f) Do you reject the null hypothesis? We reject the null hypothesis, since the p-value is less than the significance level. We…arrow_forwardIn January 2007 Consumer, Reports published a study of bacterial contamination of chicken sold in the United States. They purchased 525 broiler chickens from various stores in 23 states and tested them for bacterial contamination. Lab tests indicated 83% of the chickens were contaminated with Campylobacter. How would you justify a claim by the USDA that the number of chickens tested was not large enough since 9 billion chickens are sold each year in the U.S.? What is the impact on the confidence interval estimate if a larger sample is used?arrow_forwardYou are concerned that nausea may be a side effect of Tamiflu, but you cannot just give Tamiflu to patients with the flu and say that nausea is a side effect if people become nauseous. This is because nausea is common for people who have the flu. From past studies you know that about 31% of people who get the flu experience nausea. You collected data on 2211 patients who were taking Tamiflu to relieve symtoms of the flu, and found that 741 experienced nausea. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the percentage of people who take Tamiflu for the relief of flu symtoms and experience nausea is greater than 31%.arrow_forward
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- A new drug to treat psoriasis has been developed and is in clinical testing. Assume that those individuals given the drug are examined before receiving the treatment and then again after receiving the treatment to determine if there was a change in their symptom status. If the initial results showed that 2.0% of individuals entered the study in remission, 77.0% of individuals entered the study with mild symptoms, 16.0% of individuals entered the study with moderate symptoms, and 5.0% entered the study with severe symptoms calculate and interpret a chi-squared test to determine if the drug was effective treating psoriasis given the information below from the final examination. Remission (No Symptoms of Psoriasis) Mild Symptoms of Psoriasis Moderate Symptoms of Psoriasis Severe Symptoms of Psoriasis Total Number of Participants to Receive the Drug Number of Participants 380 520 95 5 1000 A) We reject H0 because 6628.075 is greater than 5.99. We…arrow_forwardA biochemist is testing the effect of a new antibiotic on a particulararrow_forwardYou are concerned that nausea may be a side effect of Tamiflu, but you cannot just give Tamiflu to patients with the flu and say that nausea is a side effect if people become nauseous. This is because nausea is common for people who have the flu. From past studies you know that about 30% of people who get the flu experience nausea. You collected data on 1744 patients who were taking Tamiflu to relieve symtoms of the flu, and found that 572 experienced nausea. Use a 0.01 significance level to test the claim that the percentage of people who take Tamiflu for the relief of flu symtoms and experience nausea is greater than 30%.a) Identify the null and alternative hypotheses?�0: �1: b) What type of hypothesis test should you conduct (left-, right-, or two-tailed)? left-tailed right-tailed two-tailed c) Identify the appropriate significance level.d) Calculate your test statistic. Write the result below, and be sure to round your final answer to two decimal…arrow_forward
- Calculus For The Life SciencesCalculusISBN:9780321964038Author:GREENWELL, Raymond N., RITCHEY, Nathan P., Lial, Margaret L.Publisher:Pearson Addison Wesley,
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