Description of ceramics, cement and glass must be given. Concept Introduction: CERAMICS Ceramics are non-metallic inorganic solids that are used in structural applications. It is based on oxide, nitride, boride or carbide. They are hard but brittle. They have low electrical and thermal conductivity. They are chemically inert that is they do not react with most liquids, solids, gases, alkalis and acids. They are used in making strong, hard and abrasion resistant substances. Most common raw material used in making ceramics is clay. CEMENT It is a binder. It is a finely powdered mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates. A substance which if mixed with water sets and adheres to other materials and binds them together. Made by grinding together a mixture of limestone and clay. Used commonly as a building material When cement is mixed with water the reaction that occurs is known as hydration. Hydration results in setting and hardening of cement. GLASS A class of ceramics Is an amorphous solid material. It is made up of silica. It is similar in properties to ceramics like durability, strength, electrical conductivity and chemical inertness. Very rigid at room temperature but have irregular arrangement of constituent particle in crystal lattice. Have ability to flow very slowly and so is also called super-cooled liquid.

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Chapter 12, Problem 103E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Description of ceramics, cement and glass must be given.

Concept Introduction:

CERAMICS

Ceramics are non-metallic inorganic solids that are used in structural applications.

It is based on oxide, nitride, boride or carbide.

They are hard but brittle.

They have low electrical and thermal conductivity.

They are chemically inert that is they do not react with most liquids, solids, gases, alkalis and acids.

They are used in making strong, hard and abrasion resistant substances.

Most common raw material used in making ceramics is clay.

CEMENT

It is a binder.

It is a finely powdered mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates.

A substance which if mixed with water sets and adheres to other materials and binds them together.

Made by grinding together a mixture of limestone and clay.

Used commonly as a building material

When cement is mixed with water the reaction that occurs is known as hydration. Hydration results in setting and hardening of cement.

GLASS

A class of ceramics

Is an amorphous solid material.

It is made up of silica.

It is similar in properties to ceramics like durability, strength, electrical conductivity and chemical inertness.

Very rigid at room temperature but have irregular arrangement of constituent particle in crystal lattice.

Have ability to flow very slowly and so is also called super-cooled liquid.

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Have each group member select and study a material from the section on ceramics, cement, and glass. Take turns describing your material to the group, and see if they can identify the type of material based on your description (without consulting the text).

Make a list of questions you would need to ask in order to classify a solid into one of the categories of crystalline solids (molecular solid, ionic solid, nonbonded solid, metallic solid, and network covalent solid). Determine a good order to ask them. (You may need a branching decision tree.) Once you have agreed on a good set of questions, have each group member choose a substance from the chapter and then have the other group members ask the questions in turn until the correct classification is reached. You may agree to edit your questions if you discover ways to improve them when you are using your decision tree.

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