1.
Investment: The act of allocating money to buy a monetary asset, in order to generate wealth in the future is referred to as investment.
Equity investments: The financial instruments which claim ownership in the issuing company and pay a dividend revenue to the investor company, are referred to as equity securities. The investments in equity securities are referred to as equity investments.
Equity method: Equity method is the method used for accounting equity investments which claim a significant influence of above 20% but less than 50% in the outstanding stock of the investee company.
Fair value: Fair value is the price at which, both seller and buyer agree to exchange the asset. So, fair value is the selling price to the seller and the purchase price for the buyer.
Debit and credit rules:
- Debit an increase in asset account, increase in expense account, decrease in liability account, and decrease in
stockholders’ equity accounts. - Credit decrease in asset account, increase in revenue account, increase in liability account, and increase in stockholders’ equity accounts.
To Journalize: The entries related to the investments during 2018, for Company R assuming the investment is made under fair value option method.
2.
To Journalize: The entries related to the investments during 2018, for Company R assuming the investment is made under equity method.
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- How are derivatives valued on the balance sheet? How is the adjustment to fair value recorded differently for a cash flow hedge versus a fair value hedge? That is, how does the fair value adjustment of each type of hedge affect current period net income and the accounting equation? What are the three criteria that must be met for a derivative to be classified as a hedge? Once entities decide to buy or sell derivatives to hedge economic risks, they then need to decide whether they want to use hedge accounting; it is an election, not a requirement, even when the derivatives are for the economic purpose of hedging. This election is reminiscent of inventory accounting. Just like when a company selects an inventory method, a company is not required to select the accounting method (LIFO, FIFO, weighted average, specific unit) that most closely corresponds with the physical movement of inventory, although they are free to do so. If entities decide to elect hedge accounting, the following…arrow_forwardAll investments in equity instruments and contracts on those instruments must be measured at fair value. Cost may be an appropriate estimate of fair value in which of the following? 1. Insufficient more recent information is available to measure fair value. 2. There is a wide range of possible fair value measurements and cost represents the best estimate of fair value within that range. 3. Investments in quoted equity instruments. A.1 only B.Either 1 or 2 C.None of these D. 2 onlyarrow_forwardExplain how electing the fair value option affects accounting for investments.arrow_forward
- All investments in equity instruments and contracts on those instruments must be measured at fair value. Cost may be an appropriate estimate of fair value in which of the following? Insufficient more recent information is available to measure fair value. There is a wide range of possible fair value measurements and cost represents the best estimate of fair value within that range. Investments in quoted equity instruments. a. 2 only b. 1 only c. Either 1 or 2 d. None of thesearrow_forwardAll investments in equity instruments and contracts on those instruments must be measured at fair value. Cost may be an appropriate estimate of fair value in which of the following? 1. Insufficient more recent information is available to measure fair value. 2. There is a wide range of possible fair value measurements and cost represents best estimate of fair value within that range. 3. Investments in quoted equity instruments. 1 only None of these 2 only Either 1 or 2arrow_forwardQuestion 9 Which of the following is not a determinant of option value? A) The exercise price B) The price of the underlying asset C) The volatility of underlying asset D) The willingness of government to increase interest ratearrow_forward
- .X transfers a marketable equity security to Y.For each of the following transferprovisions [considered independently], consider the affected requirement for transfer offinancial assets.a.Y may not use the security as collateral for a loan. How should X account for thetransfer? Why? b.X attaches a call to the security, having an exercise price of $50. How should Xaccount for the transfer if the price is highly unlikely to rise to $50? Why?arrow_forwardMf2. -The market value option (fair value option) a. Does not apply to investments in bonds classified as available for sale b. Does not apply to investments in bonds classified as hold until maturity. expiration c. Does not apply to investments in common shares accounted for using the equity method d. The three previous alternatives are incorrect.. -Which of these changes in the method of accounting for investments in common stock requires a retroactive adjustment to the balance of the investment? a. Change from “fair value through net income” to “equity method” b. Change from “equity method” to “fair value through net income” c. Both "a" and "b" are correct. d. Neither "a" nor "b" are correctarrow_forward“Even in an efficient market, it is still valid to seek out a ‘favourable’ rate of returnfrom an equity investment. In an efficient market, one security is as good as any other.”Do you agree with this statement? Discuss your point of view.arrow_forward
- discuss the inherent risks of Madoff Investment Securitiesarrow_forwardWhen an investment in an available-for-sale debt security is transferred to trading because the company anticipates selling the security in the near future, the carrying value assigned to the investment when transferring it to the trading portfolio should be O the higher of its original cost or its fair value at the date of the transfer. O the lower of its original cost or its fair value at the date of the transfer. O its fair value at the date of the transfer. O its original cost.arrow_forward“Even in an efficient market, it is still valid to seek out a ‘favourable’ rate of return from an equity investment. In an efficient market, one security is as good as any other.” Do you agree? Why?arrow_forward
- Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course...FinanceISBN:9781337395083Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. DavesPublisher:Cengage Learning