Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780321821652
Author: Michael D. Johnson
Publisher: Benjamin Cummings
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Chapter 12, Problem 12TY
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Rod cells are the cells that are responsible for vision in low light levels whereas the cones cells are responsible for vision in bright light. Photoreceptor cells are the cells which are found in the retina. There are three types of photoreceptors cells which are rods, cones, and photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. Rods have a pigment named rhodopsin.
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Which of the following statements about the contributions of rods and cones to vision is TRUE?
A.
The three types of cones (long, medium, short) are represented at roughly equal numbers
B.
Rods respond to light at ultra-violet wavelengths (>600nm)
C.
The relative density of cones is roughly even throughout the retina
D.
The greater sensitivity of rods in low light is explained by their larger number
E.
Several rods converge on a single bipolar cell
What is the X-shaped structure that sits just below the brain’s ventral surface and represents the merging of the optic nerves from the two eyes?
A) lens
B) optic chiasm
C) fovea
D) iris
Given that frogs are nearsighted in air, which statement is most likely to be true about their vision in water? (a) They are even more nearsighted; because water has a higher index of refraction than air, a frog’s ability to focus light increases in water. (b) They are less nearsighted, because the cornea is less effective at refracting light in water than in air. (c) Their vision is no different, because only structures that are internal to the eye can affect the eye’s ability to focus. (d) The images projected on the retina are no longer inverted, because the eye in water functions as a diverging lens rather than a converging lens.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
Ch. 12 - Prob. 1QCCh. 12 -
2. Should the use of all hand-held devices,...Ch. 12 - Do you approve of the law in five states that a...Ch. 12 -
1. List the five classifications of receptors in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CRCh. 12 -
3. Describe what information the somatic...Ch. 12 - Name the five special senses.Ch. 12 - Compare and contrast fast pain, slow pain, and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CRCh. 12 - Prob. 7CR
Ch. 12 - Prob. 8CRCh. 12 - Prob. 9CRCh. 12 - Prob. 10CRCh. 12 - What do the receptors in the skin for light touch...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2TYCh. 12 - Prob. 3TYCh. 12 - Receptor adaptation results when: a. sensory...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5TYCh. 12 - Different pitched sounds will result in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7TYCh. 12 - Prob. 8TYCh. 12 - Prob. 9TYCh. 12 - Prob. 10TYCh. 12 - Prob. 11TYCh. 12 - Prob. 12TYCh. 12 - Prob. 13TYCh. 12 - Prob. 14TYCh. 12 - Which of the following can be corrected with...Ch. 12 - With the eyes closed, would an astronaut in outer...Ch. 12 - Why do you suppose that you are not normally aware...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3AWKCh. 12 - Prob. 4AWKCh. 12 - Prob. 5AWKCh. 12 - Prob. 6AWKCh. 12 - Prob. 7AWK
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For vertebrate photoreception, define: (a) photopigment; (b) photoreceptor; and (c) receptive field.arrow_forwardMatch each of the following terms with the appropriate description. _____ somatic senses (general senses)a.produced by strong stimulation _____ special sensesb.endings of sensory neurons or specialized cells next to them _____ variations in stimulus intensity _____ action potentialc.taste, smell, hearing, balance, and vision _____ sensory receptord.frequency and number of action potentials e.touch, pressure, temperature, pain, and muscle sensearrow_forwardWhich of the following is accurate about the maculae of the vestibular apparatus? a. They detect rotational movements of the head. b. They are located in the semicircular canal. c. Nerve signals are generated when the otolithic membrane bends the stereocilia of the hair cells. d. They are the organs of hearing.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the function of a camera type eye? A) To form high-definition images that are transmitted to the brain. B) To gather and concentrate light through a lens onto retinal tissue which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain. C) To protect the optic nerve which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain. D) To detect vibrations through the vitreous body which generates an impulse that is transmitted to the brain.arrow_forwardThe transduction process of converting light into neural signals sent to the central nervous system involves which of these steps? A. Bipolar Cells collect signals from Rods and Cones. B. The Optic Nerve carries signals about light from the Lateral Geniculate Nuclues to the Retinal Ganglion Cells. C. Retinal Ganglion Cells relay information to Rods and Cones. D. Light that reaches the eyes passes first through the Retina which focuses that light onto the Cornea.arrow_forwardIf someone is born with dense cataracts on both eyes, and the cataracts are removed years later, what happens?A. The person remains permanently blind.B. The person gradually recovers all aspects of vision.C. The person gains some vision, but remains impaired on object recognition, motion vision, and depth perception.D. The person gains almost all aspects of vision, but remains greatly impaired on color perception.arrow_forward
- Why is it easier to see images at night using peripheral, rather than the central, vision? a. Cones are denser in the periphery of the retina. b. Bipolar cells are denser in the periphery of the retina. c. Rods are denser in the periphery of the retina. d. The optic nerve exits at the periphery of the retina.arrow_forwardThe region of the vertebrate eye, where the optic nerve passes out of the retina, is called the(a) fovea(b) iris(c) blind spot(d) optic chaismaarrow_forwardWhy is a retinal defect, such as retinitis pigmentosa, which causes tunnel vision, associated with night blindness? a. Tunnel vision and night blindness are unrelated conditions. b. The high density of rod photoreceptors in the fovea are unaffected in each condition. c. The highest resolution cone photoreceptors are found exclusively in the outer regions of the retina. d. The color-detecting cone photoreceptors have the greatest density in the outer regions of the retina. e. The highly-sensitive rod photoreceptors are located in the outer regions of the retina.arrow_forward
- What is the main function of the rods in the eye?________________ A. depth perception B. color vision C. vision in dim light D. accommodation for near visionarrow_forwardMost animals lack cones in their retinas. How, then, do such animals view the visual world?arrow_forwardYou are watching the stars at night, and you never seem to be looking at the right spot to catch the brightest meteors. Which of the following might explain this? a)Your fovea contains mostly cones; thus you see dim light especially well when looking right at it. b)Your peripheral retina contains more rods, which are more sensitive to dim light than cones; thus objects in your peripheral vision appear brighter in dim light situations. c)Detection of light depends mostly on its color rather than intensity; thus cones play a larger role in detection of light in dim light situations. d) all of the above. ( well explain the correct answer and type answer).arrow_forward
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