Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with eText -- Access Card Package (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321948304
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AQ
Compare and contrast the physical and chemical conditions on Earth at the time life first arose with conditions today. From a physiological standpoint, discuss at least two reasons why animals could not have existed on early Earth. In what ways has microbial
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with eText -- Access Card Package (14th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What characteristics would have made the surface...Ch. 12.1 - How do we know when oceans were first present on...Ch. 12.1 - What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis...Ch. 12.2 - Why is the origin of cyanobacteria considered a...Ch. 12.2 - What caused the development of banded iron...Ch. 12.2 - What lines of evidence indicate that microbial...Ch. 12.3 - What evidence supports the idea that the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.3 - In what ways are modern eukaryotes a combination...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.5 - How are DNA sequences obtained for phylogenetic...Ch. 12.5 - What does a phylogenetic tree depict?Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - What are the different processes that give rise to...Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between selection and...Ch. 12.6 - In the experiment of Figure 13.12, why did the...Ch. 12.7 - What is the difference between the core and pan...Ch. 12.7 - What kind of recombination might have the greatest...Ch. 12.7 - What effects do deletions have on the evolution of...Ch. 12.8 - What is the difference between taxonomy and...Ch. 12.8 - What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic...Ch. 12.8 - How many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been...Ch. 12.9 - What class of genes is used in MLST analyses?Ch. 12.9 - How is ribotyping different from rep-PCR?Ch. 12.9 - What is FAME analysis?Ch. 12.10 - What roles do culture collections play in...Ch. 12.10 - What is the IJSEM and what taxonomic function does...Ch. 12.10 - Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What major physiological and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between a gene tree and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - What is fitness? To what degree does fitness...Ch. 12 - What are some processes that influence the content...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RQCh. 12 - What is the "species problem" and why is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Compare and contrast the physical and chemical...Ch. 12 - For the following sequences, construct the...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have been given several bacterial...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have discovered a new form of...
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- Considering what you know about how atmospheric oxygen changed over the 4.5 billion years that life has existed on earth, which metabolic process, photosynthesis or cellular respiration via oxidative phosphorylation, likely evolved first? Why?arrow_forwardWhat is the connection between cellular respiration and a global phenomenon like climate change?arrow_forwardConsidering the negative aspects of anaerobic respiration, how could natural selection have produced something so inefficient?arrow_forward
- Briefly describe the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in terms of the reactants and products of each chemical reaction. Hypothesize why virtually every theory of mass extinctions on the planet such as the asteroid impact theory involve decreased sunlight as the source. In your explanation, briefly explain the asteroid impact theory. Give some thought to your study in chapter 1 of the levels of organization and how the elimination of plants would affect virtually every ecosystem on the planet, our biosphere.arrow_forwardAlthough chemoautotrophs serve as the primary producers near hydrothermal vents, animals there still ultimately depend on the photosynthetic activities of plants and cyanobacteria. Why?arrow_forwardWhat did the biology experiments on the Viking landers discover? A. Although Mars's soil is chemically active, it does not contain obviously active micro-organisms. B. The soil on Mars has much more microbial life in it than a typical soil on the Earth does. C. Small, nearly microscopic plants are common in the Martian soil. D. Although there does not appear to be life on Mars today, the soil is full of microscopic fossils.arrow_forward
- Given that the early atmosphere did not contain oxygen gas, using only the information covered in Lab 5 please explain how photosynthesis was able to occur in this type of early atmospherearrow_forwardThe unicellular cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus sp. is the most abundant photosynthetic microbe in tropical and subtropical oceans. At least two ecotypes exist: one is adapted to high light and the other to lower light intensities. How does the presence of these two ecotypes contribute to their physiological success and their numerical success? How would you determine the amount of fixed carbon they contribute to these open-ocean ecosystems?arrow_forwardPhotosynthesis and cellular respiration are found throughout the eukaryotic world. They arecomplementary to each other because they each use products of the other process. Evaluatethe concept that there is a common ancestry for all organisms. What evidence exists that theevolution of photosynthesis and cellular respiration support this concept?arrow_forward
- Earth’s biota were believed to be relative simple, slow-metabolizing life. During what era is this?arrow_forwardExplain why life on Earth is carbon-based rather than, for example, hydrogen- or oxygen-based.arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle functions to completely oxidize glucose in the presence of oxygen, allowing for a large amount of ATP to be produced within the cell through oxidative phosphorylation. Free oxygen did not always exist within the atmosphere of Earth, meaning that early life forms relied solely on glycolysis and fermentation to extract energy from macromolecules. What role did the increase in atmospheric oxygen play in the evolution of life on Earth? Frame your answer in terms of the energy derived from cellular respiration in the presence and absence of oxygen.arrow_forward
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Chapter 5 Microbial Metabolism; Author: Heather Davis;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wH_HrsfDWZw;License: Standard Youtube License