Chapter 12, Problem 1KQ

Summary Introduction

To describe: The common modes of HIV transmission and the ways in which this infection could be prevented.

Introduction: HIV is a Human immune virus that causes AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) in human beings. This virus attacks the immune system of the body, which specifically affects the T cells of the immune system. The T cells are responsible to fight off many infections and diseases.

Explanation of Solution

HIV could be transmitted through various modes as follows:

Sexual intercourse: It is the primary mode of transmission of HIV. These viruses survive in the semen and vaginal secretions. Hence, it could be easily transmitted from person to person through the semen and cervical and vaginal secretions.

Blood transfusion: The HIV resides in the blood and it could also be transferred from the infected person to the normal person through blood transfusion. It is also transmitted using the HIV contaminated needles and syringes.

Perinatal transmission: HIV could be transmitted from the HIV-infected mother to the baby during the perinatal period (the period immediately before and after the child’s birth).

Prevention of HIV:

HIV could be prevented by having safe sexual practices such as using condoms and avoiding multiple sex partners. Sterile needles and syringes should be used. Standard precautions should be used in handling the body secretions of the infected patients. The blood or blood products that are been used for transfusion should have to be tested properly before transfusion.