(a) To write: The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur. Introduction: Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ

Summary Introduction

(a)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which crossing-over occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Crossing over occurs in Prophase I. During this phase, interchange of fragments between paternal and maternal sets of chromosome occurs through crossing over and this process is considered as a basis of genetic variability in offspring. Because of crossing over and interchange of segments between homologous chromosomes, chiasmata or cross-shaped structure formed.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Conclusion

Hence, crossing over takes place in prophase I and chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator during anaphase I of meiosis I.

Answer 13

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Answer 14

Summary Introduction

(b)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromatids separate at their centromere and migrate to opposite poles.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Answer 15

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles: During anaphase II, typical mitotic separation of centromeres and chromatids of each chromosome and migration towards their opposite poles take place.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Answer 20

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.

Conclusion

The chromatids separate at their centromeres and migrate to opposite poles during anaphase II of meiosis II.

Answer 21

Summary Introduction

(c)

To write:

The phases of meiosis in which chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator events occur.

Introduction:

Meiosis is a reductional cell division occurs in germ cells producing four cells of half chromosome number from that of the parent cell. In meiosis, single interphase followed by two nuclear divisions − Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I involves the separation of the homologous chromosome (reductional division) while in meiosis II, separation of chromatids (equational division) occur.

Answer 22

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Chromosomes become aligned in pairs at the equator: Metaphase I phase is characterized by the alignment of bivalent chromosomes at the equator of the cell. The chromosomes point towards the opposite direction of the poles and chiasmata lie at the equator.