Aplia, 1 term Printed Access Card for Gravetter/Wallnau's Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 8th
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781285079707
Author: Frederick J Gravetter, Larry B. Wallnau
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 22P
One possible explanation for why some birds migrate and others maintain year round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during the winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol. Lefebvre, & Rodriguez-Teijeiro, 2005). Birds with bigger brains, on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample.
a. Use an ANOVA with
b. Compute
c. Write a sentence demonstrating how a research report would present the results of the hypothesis test and the measure of effect size.
d. Use the Tukey HSD posttest to determine which groups are significantly different.
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One possible explanation for why some birds migrate and others maintain year round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol, Lefebvre, & Rodriguez-Teijeiro, 2005). Birds with bigger brains, on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample:
Non-Migrating Short Distance Migrants Long Distance Migrants
18 6 4
13 11 9
19 7…
One possible explanation for why some bird’s migration and others maintain year-round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during the winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol, Lefebvre, & Rodriguez- Teijeiro, 2015). Birds with bigger brain on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample.
Non-Migrating
Short Distance Migrates
Long Distance Migrates
18
6
4
13
11
9
N= 18
19
7
5
G= 180
12
9
6
x²= 2150
16
8
5
12
13
7
M= 15
M= 9
M= 6
T= 90
T= 54
T= 36
SS= 48
SS= 34
SS= 16
a) Use an ANOVA with = .05 to…
In a study, the effects of the mane of a male lion as a signal of quality to mates and rivals was explored. Four life-sized dummies of male lions provided a tool for testing female response to the unfamiliar lions whose manes varied by length (long or short) and color (blonde or dark). The female lions were observed to see whether they approached each of the four life-sized dummies. Complete parts (a) through (e) below.
a. Identify the experimental units. Choose the correct answer below.
The female lions
The male dummies
The mane colors
The mane lengths
Part 2
b. Identify the response variable. Choose the correct answer below.
A.
Whether or not (yes or no) the mane length affected how the female lions reacted to a male dummy.
B.
Whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached the same dummies.
C.
Whether or not (yes or no) the female lions approached a male dummy.
D.
Whether or not…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Aplia, 1 term Printed Access Card for Gravetter/Wallnau's Essentials of Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 8th
Ch. 12.2 - Explain the difference between the testwise alpha...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2LCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3LCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 4LCCh. 12.3 - Calculate SStotal, SSbetween, and SSwithin for the...Ch. 12.3 - A researcher reports an F-ratio with dfbetween = 3...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 3LCCh. 12.4 - A researcher obtains F = 4.10 with df = 2, 14. Is...Ch. 12.4 - For an ANOVA evaluating the mean differences among...Ch. 12.5 - A researcher used ANOVA and computed F = 4.25 for...
Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2LCCh. 12.6 - With k = 2 treatments, are post hoc tests...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 2LCCh. 12.7 - A researcher uses an independent-measures t test...Ch. 12.7 - An ANOVA produces an F-ratio with df = 1, 34....Ch. 12 - Explain why the F-ratio is expected to be near...Ch. 12 - Several factors influence the size of the F-ratio....Ch. 12 - Why should you use ANOVA instead of several t...Ch. 12 - Posttests are done after an ANOVA. a. What is the...Ch. 12 - An independent-measures study comparing four...Ch. 12 - The following data summarize the results from an...Ch. 12 - For the preceding problem you should find that...Ch. 12 - The following data summarize the results from an...Ch. 12 - For the preceding problem you should find that...Ch. 12 - The following data summarize the results from an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11PCh. 12 - The following values are from an...Ch. 12 - There is some evidence that high school students...Ch. 12 - A researcher reports an F-ratio with df = 2. 27...Ch. 12 - A research report from an independent-measures...Ch. 12 - The following summary table presents the results...Ch. 12 - A pharmaceutical company has developed a drug that...Ch. 12 - A developmental psychologist is examining the...Ch. 12 - The following data were obtained from an...Ch. 12 - The following values summarize the results from an...Ch. 12 - The following data are from an...Ch. 12 - One possible explanation for why some birds...Ch. 12 - There is some research indicating that college...Ch. 12 - New research suggests that watching television,...
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- One possible explanation for why some birds migrate and others maintain year round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol, Lefebvre, & Rodriguez-Teijeiro, 2005). Birds with bigger brains, on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample: Non-Migrating Short Distance Migrants Long Distance Migrants 18 6 4 13 11 9 19 7…arrow_forwardWing Length. D. Cristol et al. published results of their studies of two subspecies of dark-eyed juncos in the paper “Migratory Dark-Eyed Juncos, Junco hyemalis, Have Better Spatial Memory and Denser Hippocampal Neurons Than Nonmigratory Conspecifics” (Animal Behaviour, Vol. 66, Issue 2, pp. 317–328). One of the subspecies migrates each year, and the other does not migrate. A hypothesis test is to be performed to decide whether the mean wing lengths for the two subspecies (migratory and nonmigratory) are different. a. identify the variable. b. identify the two populations. c. determine the null and alternative hypotheses. d. classify the hypothesis test as two tailed, left tailed, or right tailed.arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=37minutes in the plain chamber with SS=288 for a sample of n=9 birds. (Note: If the eye-spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ=30 minutes in each chamber.) Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with a= .05. Compute the…arrow_forward
- Many animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M=34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS=210 for a sample of n=15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of ?=30minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eye-spots have a significant influence on the birds' behavior? Use a two-tailed test with ?=.05. b.…arrow_forwardNot using excel. One possible explanation for why some bird’s migration and others maintain year-round residency in a single location is intelligence. Specifically, birds with small brains, relative to their body size, are simply not smart enough to find food during the winter and must migrate to warmer climates where food is easily available (Sol, Lefebvre, & Rodriguez- Teijeiro, 2015). Birds with bigger brain on the other hand, are more creative and can find food even when the weather turns harsh. Following are hypothetical data similar to the actual research results. The numbers represent relative brain size for the individual birds in each sample. Non-Migrating Short Distance Migrates Long Distance Migrates 18 6 4 13 11 9 N= 18 19 7 5 G= 180 12 9 6 x²= 2150 16 8 5 12 13 7 M= 15 M= 9 M= 6 T= 90 T= 54 T= 36 SS= 48 SS= 34 SS= 16 a) Use an ANOVA…arrow_forwardMany animals, including humans, tend to avoid direct eye contact and even patterns that look like eyes. Some insects, including moths, have evolved eye-spot patterns on their wings to help ward off predators. Scaife (1976) reports a study examining how eye-spot patterns affect the behavior of birds. In the study, the birds were tested in a box with two chambers and were free to move from one chamber to another. In one chamber, two large eye-spots were painted on one wall. The other chamber had plain walls. The researcher recorded the amount of time each bird spent in the plain chamber during a 60-minute session. Suppose the study produced a mean of M = 34.5 minutes on the plain chamber with SS = 210 for a sample of n = 15 birds. (Note: If the eye spots have no effect, then the birds should spend an average of μ = 30 minutes in each chamber.) a. Is this sample sufficient to conclude that the eyespots have a significant influence on the birds’ behavior? Use a two-tailed test with α =…arrow_forward
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