ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
ENGINEERING FUNDAMENTALS
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781337705011
Author: MOAVENI
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 12, Problem 34P
To determine

Calculate the annual electric energy consumption of the dishwasher and the annual cost of consumption.

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• 1 million people in Hong Kong using low-flush toilet and low-flow shower head.• 1 million leaky toilet and Faucet. Find1. How much energy we can save?2. How much coal (Kg) we can save?3. How much CO2 we can reduce?4. How many African children (1 liter/kid/day) we can support? Energy needed to treat water1. Average energy use for water treatment drawn from southern California studies is 652 kWh per acre-foot (AF), where one AF = 325,853 gallons. Thermal Energy in Coal2. The thermal power plants consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. Energy output/fire power plant3. A typical 500 megawatt coal power plant produces 3.5 billion kWh per year. CO2 Emission4. Taking coal to contain 50 percent carbon, which combines with oxygen during burning to form CO2, we can arrive at 1.83 kg CO2 for every 1 kg of coal burned.
Consider a 400-MW, 32 percent efficient coal-fired power plant that uses cooling water withdrawn from a nearby river (with an upstream flow of 10-m3/s and temperature 20 °C) to take care of waste heat. The heat content of the coal is 8,000 Btu/lb, the carbon content is 60% by mass, and the sulfur content is 2% by mass. How much electricity (in kWh/yr) would the plant produce each year? How many pounds per hour of coal would need to be burned at the plant? Estimate the annual carbon emissions from the plant (in metric tons C/year). If the cooling water is only allowed to rise in temperature by 10 °C, what flow rate (in m3/s) from the stream would be required?  What would be the river temperature if all the waste heat was transferred to the river water assuming no heat losses during transfer?  Estimate the hourly SO2 emissions (in kg/h) from the plant assuming that all the sulfur is oxidized to SO2 during combustion.
1) Heating the water in a 55-gallon water heater requires about 2.0 x 103 kJ of energy.          a) Assume the energy came from natural gas with 80% efficiency; how many grams of natural gas are required?          b) Assume the energy came from electricity with 80% efficiency and that the electricity was produced from the combustion of coal with 30% efficiency; how many grams of coal are required?   For problem above, calculate how much CO2 in grams is emitted to the atmosphere.             For a: Use the balanced equation for the combustion of methane (CH4) to determine how many grams of CO2are produced from the amount of natural gas required.             For b: Assume that coal produces 5.25 kJ of energy per gram of CO2 produced. Calculate how much CO2 in grams is produced.
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