Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Whether it is possible to calculate the cost of protein synthesis, including the cost of making mRNA and DNA.
Concept introduction:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material of a cell that is present inside the nucleus. The
The formation of RNA takes place through the transcription process. RNA encodes this information in the sequence of proteins. Proteins are the ultimate product of a gene that are responsible for the physiological, morphological, and anatomical characteristics of an organism.
Protein formation is a biological phenomenon that requires different types of RNA, ribosomes, and various other factors. Amino acids are joined through peptide bonds to form a protein and this whole process takes place in three steps.
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Biochemistry
- REFLECT AND APPLY Outline the methods you would use to pro- duce human growth hormone (a substance used in the treatment of dwarfism) in bacteria.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Comment on the energetics of protein folding in light of the information in this chapter.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Would you expect mRNA or rRNA to be degraded more quickly in the cell? Why?arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY E. coli incorporates deoxyribonucleotides into DNA at a rate of 250 to 1000 bases per second. Using the higher value, translate this into typing speed in words per minute. (Assume five characters per word, using the typing analogy from Question 36.)arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY The fidelity of protein synthesis is assured twice during protein synthesis. How and when?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY What is the energy cost per amino acid in prokaryotic protein synthesis? Relate this to low entropy.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why the same protein system moves both sodium and potassium ions into and out of the cell.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY Explain why a 50S ribosomal subunit and a 30S ribosomal subunit combine to form a 70S subunit, instead of an 80S subunit.arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY A biochemistry student characterizes the process of cooking meat as an exercise in denaturing proteins. Comment on the validity of this remark.arrow_forward
- REFLECT AND APPLY Why is a trimming process important in converting precursors of tRNA and rRNA to the active forms?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY You are in the process of determining the amino acid sequence of a peptide. After trypsin digestion followed by the Edman degradation, you see the following peptide fragments: LeuGlyArgGlySerPheTyrAsnHisSerGluAspMetCysLysThrTyrGluValCysMetHis What is abnormal concerning these results? What might have been the problem that caused it?arrow_forwardREFLECT AND APPLY What are the advantages of being eukaryotic (as opposed to prokaryotic)?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning