Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321897398
Author: Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, David A. Stahl, Thomas Brock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 4AQ
Imagine that you have discovered a new form of microbial life one that appears to represent a fourth domain. How would you go about characterizing the new organism and determining if it actually is evolutionarity distinct from Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?
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If you visit a lake in the middle of the Amazon and take water samples to analyze under a microscope from a nearby university that has good instrumentation and there you detect microorganisms that are not visible to the naked eye. What studies would you do to determine if they are bacteria, archaea, fungi or protozoa? Explain each type of analysis and how would you rule out members of each group?
Write at least 3 paragraphs
Why were Archaea originally thought to be simply unusual forms of Bacteria? What lines of evidence showed this domain to form a distinct branch on the tree of life?
Based on the emerging data, should the existing ‘3 Domains of Life – Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya’ be formally revoked and replaced by only 2 Domains? Provide 3 reasons.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (14th Edition)
Ch. 12.1 - What characteristics would have made the surface...Ch. 12.1 - How do we know when oceans were first present on...Ch. 12.1 - What lines of reasoning support the hypothesis...Ch. 12.2 - Why is the origin of cyanobacteria considered a...Ch. 12.2 - What caused the development of banded iron...Ch. 12.2 - What lines of evidence indicate that microbial...Ch. 12.3 - What evidence supports the idea that the...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.3 - In what ways are modern eukaryotes a combination...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1MQ
Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.5 - How are DNA sequences obtained for phylogenetic...Ch. 12.5 - What does a phylogenetic tree depict?Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3MQCh. 12.6 - What are the different processes that give rise to...Ch. 12.6 - What is the difference between selection and...Ch. 12.6 - In the experiment of Figure 13.12, why did the...Ch. 12.7 - What is the difference between the core and pan...Ch. 12.7 - What kind of recombination might have the greatest...Ch. 12.7 - What effects do deletions have on the evolution of...Ch. 12.8 - What is the difference between taxonomy and...Ch. 12.8 - What are some key criteria from the phylogenetic...Ch. 12.8 - How many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been...Ch. 12.9 - What class of genes is used in MLST analyses?Ch. 12.9 - How is ribotyping different from rep-PCR?Ch. 12.9 - What is FAME analysis?Ch. 12.10 - What roles do culture collections play in...Ch. 12.10 - What is the IJSEM and what taxonomic function does...Ch. 12.10 - Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - What is the endosymbiotic hypothesis for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What major physiological and...Ch. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RQCh. 12 - What is the difference between a gene tree and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - What is fitness? To what degree does fitness...Ch. 12 - What are some processes that influence the content...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15RQCh. 12 - What is the "species problem" and why is the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Compare and contrast the physical and chemical...Ch. 12 - For the following sequences, construct the...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have been given several bacterial...Ch. 12 - Imagine that you have discovered a new form of...
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- Both bacteria and archaea used to be known as prokaryotes. True or false?arrow_forwardFor instance, you encountered an unusual one-celled organism, what part/s of its cell would you use as reference to classify it under the three domains, specifically if this single-celled organism is an Archaean, Bacteria, or Protist?arrow_forwardWhy are bacteria and archaea classified into different domainsarrow_forward
- Which domain, Archaea or Eukarya, is more closelyrelated to Bacteria? What evidence is there to justifyyour answer?arrow_forwardDescribe the Comparison of Three Cellular Domains bacteria, archaea and eukarya.arrow_forwardHow does the emergence of endosymbiotic theory change the way humans view microorganisms? Will people be comfortable imagining that the life functions of plants and animals, including their own, are actually dependent on the coexistence of many different microscopic pieces? This question is not answered yetarrow_forward
- There are three main ways that bacteria and archaea are essential to eukaryotic life. Explain the three different ways and give at least one example of each.arrow_forwardWhich statement best explains why a third domain, Archaea, was added to the original two domains of Bacteria and Eukarya?arrow_forwardWhich of the following consist of prokaryotic cells? a. bacteria and fungi b. archaea and fungi c. protists and animals d. bacteria and archaeaarrow_forward
- Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya are three _____________ .arrow_forwardPropose a hypothesis to explain how bacteria and archaea could have,together, given rise to eukaryotes.arrow_forwardIn the domain system of classification, prokaryotes are divided into two domains: Bacteria and Archaea. The two domains differ in all BUT one feature. Which feature do they have in common? A. They both thrive in extreme environments. B. They both have prokaryotic cells. C. They both are able to live only under anaerobic conditions. D. They both have identical cell walls.arrow_forward
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Endosymbiotic Theory; Author: Amoeba Sisters;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGnS-Xk0ZqU;License: Standard Youtube License