Inquiry Into Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781260177671
Author: Mader, Sylvia S., Windelspecht, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 4TC
There are not enough living heats available to meet the need for heart transplants. What are some of the major problems a manufacturer would have to overcome when attempting to design an artificial heart that last for years inside a patient's body?
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Blood is pushed out of the heart through a large vessel, called the aorta. The aorta then divides into smaller and smaller blood vessels, eventually reaching vessels called capillaries. Capillaries are so small that oxygen and nutrients can diffuse across the vessel walls and into the tissues of the body, with CO2 and waste diffusing back into the blood.
Let's say that the cross-sectional area of the aorta is 1 cm2 = 100 mm2. The blood pumps through the aorta at 100 mm/s but only through the capillaries at 1 mm/s. If each capillary has a cross-sectional area of 20 mm2, how many capillaries must there be in the body?
Note: these numbers are not physiologically correct, but were chosen to make the math easier. The blood velocity through the aorta is closer to 300 mm/s. The capillaries have a total cross-sectional area of ~600,000 mm2 (6000 cm2), with a blood flow rate closer to 0.2 mm/s.
What is the task that you need to do for a pig heart transplant into a human?
John black is a 58 year old mechanic that has prosthetic heart valves and is on warfarin. He is
coming for his teeth cleaning and the dentist ask his physician about antibiotic prophylaxis.
According to the AMA, what are the high risk cardiac conditions where antibiotic prophylaxis is
needed? If he needs an antibiotic what classes are acceptable and which are not?
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Inquiry Into Life
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 12.1 - Explain the process of capillary exchange.Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 1ACh. 12.1 - Prob. 2ACh. 12.1 - Prob. 3ACh. 12.1 - Prob. 4ACh. 12.1 - Prob. 5ACh. 12.2 - Prob. 1LO
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.2 - 3. Define capillary exchange, and describe the...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 12.2 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 12.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 12.2 - Identify some types of diseases that would be...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 12.2 - Prob. 6ACh. 12.2 - Prob. 7ACh. 12.2 - Prob. 8ACh. 12.3 - Identify the major components of the heart,...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.3 - Describe the intrinsic and extrinsic control of...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 12.3 - Prob. 9ACh. 12.3 - An electrocardiogram measures
chemical signals...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 11ACh. 12.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 12.4 - Name the major blood vessels through which blood...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 12ACh. 12.5 - Describe the major categories of cardiovascular...Ch. 12.5 - Define hypertension and explain its most common...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 12.5 - Review the risk factors discussed in this reading....Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2AQTCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3AQTCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 12.5 - In which of the following does a blood vessel...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 14ACh. 12 - Prob. S4.2BYBCh. 12 - Prob. S11.1BYBCh. 12 - Section 11.5 The cardiovascular system interacts...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1CSCh. 12 - Prob. 2CSCh. 12 - Prob. 3CSCh. 12 - Prob. 1TCCh. 12 - Prob. 2TCCh. 12 - Prob. 3TCCh. 12 - There are not enough living heats available to...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Experimental scenario: If a tube was inserted into the aorta of an isolated heart and saline was flooded down the tube: (finish the statement) a) saline would enter the coronary arteries. b) saline would enter the right atrium and right ventricle. c) after the right side of the heart was filled with saline, the left side would start. d) semilunar valves would prevent saline from entering the coronary arteries. e) the tube would never empty of salinearrow_forwardCurrently, the news regarding ‘pig heart transplantation to humans’ has become a controversial issue in worldwide. This issue also is an advancement in cell/ tissue culture context. Based on this,please give me a conclusion paragraph from this ‘pig heart transplantation to humans’.arrow_forwardOne of the current major areas of research in heart transplants is the use of pig hearts for human transplants. Since pig and human hearts are virtually identical anatomically, researchers feel that it can make hearts available to everyone that needs one. Should the organs of pigs (or any other animals) be used to preserve the lives of humans? Why or why not?arrow_forward
- Discuss TWO (2) body surface electrodes that can record the bioelectric potential of the heart activity.arrow_forward1. You are a lead engineer in a cGMP facility that develops and delivers tissue engineering constructs for tissue regeneration. You have been asked to develop an injectable tissue engineering solution for regenerating heart tissue following myocardial infarction. Describe an injectable tissue engineering solution to regenerate the damaged heart tissue by considering the following and give a brief explanation for your choices: 1) Bioreactor for examining tissue growth and integrityarrow_forwardif we want to transplant a pig heart to a human, what are analytical experiments should be performed to ensure that the engineered tissue is functional?arrow_forward
- What do you mean by Synthetic heart valves ?arrow_forwardAs a patient is dying, at what point does it become ethical to disconnect life-support equipment and remove organs for donation?arrow_forward1. You are a lead engineer in a cGMP facility that develops and delivers tissue engineering constructs for tissue regeneration. You have been asked to develop an injectable tissue engineering solution for regenerating heart tissue following myocardial infarction. A) Describe an injectable tissue engineering solution to regenerate the damaged heart tissue by considering the following and give a brief explanation for your choices: i) Cell type and sourcearrow_forward
- An artificial heart works in closed loop by varying its pumping rate according to changes in signals from the recipient's nervous system. For feedback compensation design it is important to know the heart's open-loop transfer function. To identify this transfer function, an artificial heart is implanted in a calf while the main parts of the original heart are left in place. Then the atrial pumping rate in the original heart is measured while step input changes are effected on the artificial heart. It has been found that. in general, the obtained response closely resembles that of a second-order system. In one such experiment it was found that the step response has a %OS = 30% and a time of first peak 7, 127 sec (Nakamura, 2002). Find the corresponding transfer function. Aside from the corresponding transfer function, determine the following as well: delay time, rise time, settling time and steady state error if input is a step response. CO Marrow_forwardDiscuss that why a pacemaker battery enclosed in a metal case before being inserted into the chest cavity?arrow_forwardYou need to grow heart cells in artificial environment. What basic chemicals and facilities will you need to grow heart cells in vitro?arrow_forward
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