Concept explainers
Mercury is less dense at high temperatures than at low temperatures. Suppose you move a mercury barometer from the cold interior of a tightly sealed refrigerator to outdoors on a hot summer day. You find that the column of mercury remains at the same height in the tube. Compared to the air pressure inside the refrigerator, is the air pressure outdoors (i) higher, (ii) lower, or (iii) the same? (Ignore the very small change in the dimensions of the glass tube due to the temperature change.)
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 12 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics, Volume 1 (Chs. 1-20) (14th Edition)
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Essential University Physics: Volume 2 (3rd Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
Essential University Physics (3rd Edition)
The Cosmic Perspective Fundamentals (2nd Edition)
College Physics
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
- A spherical submersible 2.00 m in radius, armed with multiple cameras, descends under water in a region of the Atlantic Ocean known for shipwrecks and finds its first shipwreck at a depth of 1.75 103 m. Seawater has density 1.03 103 kg/m3, and the air pressure at the oceans surface is 1.013 105 Pa. a. What is the absolute pressure at the depth of the shipwreck? b. What is the buoyant force on the submersible at the depth of the shipwreck?arrow_forwardHow many cubic meters of helium are required to lift a balloon with a 400-kg payload to a height of 8 000 m? Take He = 0.179 kg/m3. Assume the balloon maintains a constant volume and the density of air decreases with the altitude z according to the expression air = 0ez/8, where z is in meters and 0 = 1.20 kg/m3 is the density of air at sea level.arrow_forwardQ: Atmospheric pressure on the peak of Kilimanjaro can be as low as 0.20 atm. If the volume of an oxygen tank is 10.0L, at what pressure must the tank be filled so the gas inside would occupy a volume of 1.2 x 103L at this pressure?arrow_forward
- A 0.527 kg metal cylinder is placed inside the top of a plastic tube, the lower end of which is sealed off by an adjustable plunger. The cylinder comes to rest some distance above the plunger. The plastic tube has an inner radius of 6.56 mm and is frictionless. Neither the plunger nor the metal cylinder allow any air to flow around them. If the plunger is suddenly pushed upwards, increasing the pressure between the plunger and the metal cylinder by a factor of 1.35, what is the initial acceleration ? of the metal cylinder? Assume the pressure outside of the tube is 1.00 atmand that the top of the tube is open to the air.arrow_forwardA rigid tank having a volume of 0.100 m3 contains helium gas at 175 atm. How many balloons can be inflated by opening the valve at the top of the tank? Each filled balloon is a sphere 0.300 m in diameter at an absolute pressure of 1.45 atm. (Remember that the tank cannot be completely emptied of gas.)arrow_forwardA basketball is pressurized to a gauge pressure of PG = 55 kPa when at the surface of a swimming pool. (Patm = 101 kPa). The ball is then submerged in the pool of water which has a density ρ = 1000 kg/m3. Assume the ball does not change in mass, temperature, or volume as it is submerged. Calculate the absolute pressure inside the basketball in kPa when it is at the surface. Write an equation for the pressure difference ΔP between the inside and outside of the ball when it is submerged a distance y below the surface of the water. Solve the pressure equation for the depth (in meters) at which the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the ball will become zero. At this depth the pressure inside the basketball is the same as the pressure outside the ball.arrow_forward
- 10arrow_forwardA vertical piston–cylinder device contains a gas at a pressure of 100 kPa. The piston has a mass of 5 kg and a diameter of 12 cm. Pressure of the gas is to be increased by placing some weights on the piston. Determine the local atmospheric pressure and the mass of the weights that will double the pressure of the gas inside the cylinder.arrow_forwardYou are an astronaut exploring a new planet in a distant solar system. This planet has an atmospheric pressure of 1000 mm Hg at sea level. The oxygen content of the planet’s air is 25%. What is the partial pressure of oxygen on this planet at sea level?arrow_forward
- A deep-sea diver should breathe a gas mixture that has the same oxygen partial pressure as at sea level, where dry air contains 20.9% oxygen and has a total pressure of 1.01×105 N/m2 . (a) What is the partial pressure of oxygen at sea level?(b) If the diver breathes a gas mixture at a pressure of 2.00×106 N/m2 , what percent oxygen should it be to have the same oxygen partial pressure as at sea level?arrow_forwardThe bends during flight. Anyone who scuba dives is advised not to fly within the next 24 h because the air mixture for PRACTICE diving can introduce nitrogen to the bloodstream. Without allowing the nitrogen to come out of solution slowly, any sudden air-pressure reduction (such as during airplane ascent) can result in the nitrogen forming bubbles in the blood, creating the bends, which can be painful and even fatal. Military special operation forces are especially at risk. What is the change in pressure on such a special-op soldier who must scuba dive at a depth of 20 m in seawater one day and parachute at an altitude of 7.6 km the next day? Assume that the density of seawater is 1029 kg/m² and the average air density within the altitude range is 0.87 kg/m³. (Walker, 2014)arrow_forwardConsider an engine cover that is made with two layers of metal plates. The inner layer is stainless steel (k1 = 14 W/m∙K) with a thickness of 10 mm, and the outer layer is aluminum (k2 = 237 W/m∙K) with a thickness of 5 mm. Both metal plates have a surface roughness of about 23 mm. The aluminum plate is attached on the stainless steel plate by screws that exert an average pressure of 20 MPa at the interface. The inside stainless steel surface of the cover is exposed to heat from the engine with a convection heat transfer coefficient of 10 W/m2∙K at an ambient temperature of 150°C. The outside aluminum surface is exposed to a convection heat transfer coefficient of 25 W/m2∙K at an ambient temperature of 40°C. Determine the heat flux through the engine cover.arrow_forward
- Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage Learning