Concept explainers
To discuss:
Three ways in which synaptic transmission is ended.
Introduction:
Turning off the stimulus on time is as important as stimulating a postsynaptic cell, or else the post synaptic neuron will fire indefinitely, leading to a physiological coordination breakdown. The neurotransmitter molecule binds to the receptor for just 1 ms or so, then it dissociates from the receptor. If a presynaptic cell releases the neurotransmitter continuously, one molecule is rapidly replaced by another neurotransmitter molecule and the postsynaptic neuron is re-stimulated. This is one of the ways of stopping synaptic transmission - this terminates the addition of a new neurotransmitter molecule and getting rid of which is there already. The first step is attained by a signal cessation in the presynaptic neuron. The second step is achieved by three modes that are explained below.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY >CUSTOM<
- A neuron responds to adequate stimulation with _______, a type of self-propagating signal.arrow_forwardWhen action potentials arrive at a synapse between a neuron and another cell, they stimulate the release of molecules of a ________ that diffuse over to that cell.arrow_forward“All-or-none” response in impulse conductionmeans thatarrow_forward
- ASAParrow_forwardIn the PNS, neuron cell bodies are located in ______________ and surrounded by neuroglial cells called ______________ cells.arrow_forwardAt __________ synapses, neurotransmitters hyperpolarize the membrane, by making it more permeable to K+ or moving membrane potential away from threshold (hyperpolarizing), and making generation of an action potential less likely; these are inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs).arrow_forward
- Synaptic vesicles primarily store: Calcium Sodium Potassium Neurotransmitter Degrading enzymes 3arrow_forwardDescribe at least 2 processes at the synapse that shift the effect of an action potential of a pre synaptic cell on the response of a post synaptic cell.arrow_forwardDescribe three mechanisms that stop synaptic transmission.arrow_forward
- Briefly describe, in the correct sequence, the events thatoccur in synaptic transmission.arrow_forwardRegardless of type, all neurons transfer signals between each other or to effectors (muscles or glands) at a synapse. The neuromuscular junction that we talked about with the muscular system is one example of a synapse. The diagram below shows the general features of a synapse Match each term or description with the appropriate letter in the diagram. You may use terms more than once. 1. Synaptic knob in axon terminal of pre-synaptic cell: 2. Synaptic cleft: 3. Neurotransmitter: 4. Dendrite of post-synaptic cell: 5. Cell body of post-synaptic cell: 6. Receptor in plasma membrane of post-synaptic cell: 7. Chemical released by neurons that stimulates or inhibits other neurons, muscles, or glands: 8. Cell that sends the signal: 9. Dendrite of cell that receives the signal: 10. Space between cells that must be crossed by neurotransmitters: 11. Structure that opens, like a "protein door", when neurotransmitters attach to it:arrow_forwardWhich of the following structures could NOT be a post-synaptic cell? Group of answer choices a bone a cardiac muscle cell in the heart a gland in an organ a smooth muscle cell in the walls of internal organs another neuron a skeletal muscle cell in a musclearrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
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