Foundations in Microbiology
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780073522609
Author: Kathleen Park Talaro, Barry Chess Instructor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12.L1, Problem 1MCQ
A compound synthesized by bacteria or
a. synthetic drug
b. antibiotic
c. antimicrobial drug
d. competitive inhibitor
Expert Solution & Answer
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Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that destroys or inhibitsthe growth of other microbes is a(n)a. synthetic drug
b. antibiotic
c. antimicrobial drug
d. competitive inhibitor
Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can either inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called:
a)semisynthetic drugs
b) narrow-spectrum drugs
c) antibiotics
d) synthetic drugs
If you were involved in developing an antiviral drug, what would be some important considerations?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Foundations in Microbiology
Ch. 12.1 - State the goals of antimicrobial therapy.Ch. 12.1 - Discuss the origins of antimicrobial drugs.Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics, synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Describe some of the special strategies of...Ch. 12.1 - Explain what is meant by a drug's spectrum and how...Ch. 12.1 - Summarize the five modes of action of...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between antibiotics and synthetic...Ch. 12.1 - Differentiate between narrow-spectrum and...Ch. 12.1 - Can you determine why some drugs have narrower...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 4CYP
Ch. 12.1 - What is the major source of antibiotics and what...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 6CYPCh. 12.1 - Prob. 7CYPCh. 12.1 - Explain the major modes of action of antimicrobial...Ch. 12.1 - Explain the concept of competitive inhibition, and...Ch. 12.1 - What would be the extended effects of drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Describe the classes of antibacterial drugs that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ELOCh. 12.2 - Indicate which types of antibacterial drugs block...Ch. 12.2 - Describe some new classes of antibacterial drugs...Ch. 12.2 - Construet a chart that summarizes the modes of...Ch. 12.2 - Why do the penicillin and cephalosporin groups of...Ch. 12.3 - Categorize antimicrobial drugs that are effective...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 14ELOCh. 12.3 - Prob. 13CYPCh. 12.3 - Explain why there are fewer antifungal,...Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 15CYPCh. 12.3 - Summarize the origins and biological actions of...Ch. 12.4 - Describe the development of microbial drug...Ch. 12.4 - Explain the major mechanisms by which microbes...Ch. 12.4 - Review some of the ways to reduce levels of drug...Ch. 12.4 - Discuss how drug resistance spreads through a...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 17CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 18CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 19CYPCh. 12.4 - Prob. 20CYPCh. 12.5 - Summarize the adverse effects of drugs on the...Ch. 12.5 - Describe some of the toxic effects of drugs on...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21ELOCh. 12.5 - Explain the ways in which drugs alter the normal...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 21CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 22CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 23CYPCh. 12.5 - Prob. 24CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23ELOCh. 12.6 - Describe the principles behind sensitivity testing...Ch. 12.6 - Explain the uses of the minimum inhibitory...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 26ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27ELOCh. 12.6 - Prob. 25CYPCh. 12.6 - Briefly describe the Kirby-Bauer test and its...Ch. 12.6 - Prob. 27CYPCh. 12.6 - Prob. 28CYPCh. 12.6 - Discuss the general factors to consider in...Ch. 12.L1 - A compound synthesized by bacteria or fungi that...Ch. 12.L1 - Which statement is not an aim in the use of drugs...Ch. 12.L1 - Microbial resistance to drugs is acquired through...Ch. 12.L1 - R factors are ________ that contain a code for...Ch. 12.L1 - When a patient's immune system becomes reactive to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antibiotic that disrupts the normal flora can...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 12.L1 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 12.L1 - Which of the following modes of action would be...Ch. 12.L1 - The MIC is the of a drug thal is required to...Ch. 12.L1 - An antimicrobial drug with a ________ therapeutic...Ch. 12.L1 - Matching. Select the mode of action for each drug...Ch. 12.L1 - What was the purpose of giving postexposure...Ch. 12.L1 - What is a probable reason that tuberculosis...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the major problems with drug therapy as...Ch. 12.L1 - Using the diagram as a guide, briefly explain how...Ch. 12.L1 - Observe table 12.4 with regard to type of microbe...Ch. 12.L1 - Drugs are often given to patients before going...Ch. 12.L1 - Write an essay covering some of the main concerns...Ch. 12.L1 - Prob. 5WCCh. 12.L1 - Explain the kinds of tests that would...Ch. 12.L1 - Summarize the primary reasons that we find...Ch. 12.L2 - Prob. 1CTCh. 12.L2 - Prob. 2CTCh. 12.L2 - You have been directed to take a sample from a...Ch. 12.L2 - From the results shown in figure 12.21, determine...Ch. 12.L2 - Explain why drugs that interfere with the...Ch. 12.L2 - In cases in which it is not possible to culture or...Ch. 12.L2 - Reviewing drug characteristics, choose an...Ch. 12.L2 - a. Using table 12.10 as a reference, find and...Ch. 12.L2 - For the following figures a-e, research the...
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- the following are the steps, listed in random order, for utilizing koch's postulates. what should be the second step out of the four listed? a. a microorganism is found to be present in every case of a disease. b. the same microbe discovered previously is isolated from the purposely infected host c. the pathogen is isolated and grown in pure culture d. the same disease results after isolated organism is inoculated into healthy hostarrow_forwardSelective toxicity of a drug refers to a) damage to pathogenic organisms only b) damage to prokaryotic cell membranes c) damage to the target organisms but not the host cell d) easily broken down by the host and pathogen.arrow_forwardChoose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. Which statement is not an aim in the use of drugs in antimicrobial chemotherapy? The drug should a. have selective toxicity b. be active even in high dilutions c. be broken down and excreted rapidly d. be microbicidalarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a property of an antimicrobial agent? a. Must have a known concentration over a period of time required to eliminate a pathogen b. all choices are correct c. must be selectively toxic d. Must have a favorable chemotherapeutic indexarrow_forwardDrying is an effective antimicrobial strategy because:(a) It oxidizes cellular macromolecules(b) It limits the amount of water available to microbes(c) It increases susceptibility to UV irradiation(d) It triggers the thermal death pointarrow_forwardThe MIC is the________________________________________ of a drug that is required to inhibit growth of a microbe.a. largest concentration c. smallest concentrationb. standard dose d. lowest dilutionarrow_forward
- Choose the combination of answers that most accurately completes the statement. An antimicrobial drug with a ___________ therapeutic index is a better choice than one with a ___________ therapeutic index. a. low, high b. high, lowarrow_forwardA factor in the zone of inhibition size on the Kirby-Bauer plate is: a. amount of medium placed on the plate b. rate of diffusion of the drug used c. stage of growth of the microbe placed on the plate d. all of thesearrow_forwardWhich ONE of the following best describes the abbreviation ‘MIC’? Select one: A. The lowest concentration at which no microbial growth is detected B. The lowest concentration that indicates whether an antibiotic would be effective or not C. The lowest concentration which is not toxic to the host D. The lowest concentration which is least effective against the organism E. The lowest concentration which kills the organismarrow_forward
- Doctors prescribe synergistic drug combinations to treatbacterial infections. The purpose of such treatment is to:(a) Change the bacteria with cell walls to L forms lackingcell walls(b) Reduce the treatment time of the disease(c) Prevent microorganisms from acquiring drug resis-tance(d) Reduce the toxic side effects of the antibiotics(e) Use lower doses of antibioticsarrow_forwardWhich of the following is not a property of an antimicrobialagent?(a) Must have a favorable chemotherapeutic index(b) Must be selectively toxic(c) Must be effective against viral diseases(d) Must have a known concentration over a period oftime required to eliminate a pathogen(e) b and carrow_forwardSubstances that are naturally produced by certain microrganisms that can inhibit or destroy other microrganisms are called a) semisynthetic drugs b) narrow-spectrum drugs c) antibiotics d) synthetic drugsarrow_forward
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