(a)
Interpretation:
The reason needs to be explained for a spontaneous change in the reaction, the change in entropy in a system is not always a suitable criterion.
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measurable quantity which indicates the randomness of the system. The gaseous components have high entropy whereas solid substances have less entropy. According to Second law of
The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between
(b)
Interpretation:
The reason needs to be explained for the importance of
Concept introduction:
Entropy is the measurable quantity which indicates the randomness of the system. The gaseous components have high entropy whereas solid substances have less entropy. According to Second law of Thermodynamics, the entropy of universe will always increase. In other words, the changes in the entropy can never be negative.
The Gibb’s equation of thermodynamic purposed a relation between
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EBK GENERAL CHEMISTRY
- What is the second law of thermodynamics? For any process, there are four possible sign combinations for Ssys and Ssurr. Which sign combination(s) always give a spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) always give a non-spontaneous process? Which sign combination(s) may or may not give a spontaneous process?arrow_forwardHow does the second law of thermodynamics explain a spontaneous change in a system that becomes more ordered when that process is exothermic?arrow_forward10.104 (a) When a chemical bond forms, what happens to the entropy of the system? (b) Thermodynamically, what allows any bond formation to occur? (c) What do your answers to parts (a) and (b) suggest must be true about the formation of chemical bonds for the octet rule to hold?arrow_forward
- What happens to the entropy of the universe during a spontaneous process?arrow_forwardConsider two processes: sublimation of I2(s) and melting of I2(s) (Note: the latter process can occur at the same temperature but somewhat higher pressure). I2(s)I2(g)I2(s)I2(l) Is S positive or negative in these processes? In which of the processes will the magnitude of the entropy change be greater?arrow_forwardFor the reaction NO(g)+NO2(g)N2O3(g) , use tabulated thermodynamic data to calculate H and S. Then use those values to answer the following questions. (a) Is this reaction spontaneous at 25°C? Explain your answer. (b) If the reaction is not spontaneous at 25°C, will it become spontaneous at higher temperatures or lower temperatures? (c) To show that your prediction is accurate, choose a temperature that corresponds to your prediction in part (b) and calculate G . (Assume that both enthalpy and entropy are independent of temperature.)arrow_forward
- On the basis of your experience, predict which of the following reactions are spontaneous. (a) CO2(s)CO2(g) at 25°C (b) NaCl(s)NaCl(l) at 25°C (c) 2NaCl(s)2Na(s)+Cl2(g) (d) CO2(g)C(s)+O2(g)arrow_forward10.51 The combustion of acetylene was used in welder's torches for many years because it produces a very hot flame: C2H2(g)+52O2(g)2CO2(g)+H2O(g) H= -1255.5 kJ (a) Use data in Appendix E to calculate S for this reaction, (b) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (c) Ls there any temperature range in which this reaction is not spontaneous? (d) Do you think you could use Equation 10.4 to calculate such a temperature range reliably? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardGiven that H f for HF(aq) is -320.1 kJ/mol and S for HF(aq) is 88.7 J/mol K, find Ka for HF at 25C.arrow_forward
- Hydrogen bums in air with considerable heat transfer to the surroundings. Consider the decomposition of water togaseous hydrogen and oxygen. Without doing any calculations, and basing your prediction on the enthalpychange and the entropy change, is this reaction product-favored at 25 C? Explain your answer briefly.arrow_forwardDefine the following: a. spontaneous process b. entropy c. positional probability d. system e. surroundings f. universearrow_forwardDescribe how the standard entropy of hydrogen gas at 25C can be obtained from heat measurements.arrow_forward
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