Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135564172
Author: Mark Sanders, John Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Textbook Question
Chapter 13, Problem 11P
Compare and contrast promoters and enhancers with respect to their location (upstream versus downstream), orientation, and distance (in base pairs) relative to a gene they regulate.
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Identify the statements that are features of a promoter.
In prokaryotes, the promoter contains a −35 and −10 region upstream of the transcription start site.
In prokaryotes, the promoter is recognized by general transcription factors (GTF), which recruit the RNA
polymerase holoenzyme.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, the promoter is located in the 5' direction, upstream from the transcription
start site.
In eukaryotes, the promoter recruits the preinitiation complex, which includes the TATA-binding protein.
In eukaryotes, the promoter attracts the small and large ribosomal subunits with the help of initiation factors.
Explain why knowing the orientation of a promoter is critical when determining the amino acid sequence of an encoded protein.
Regarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that:Â
a) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation
b) Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein
c) They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors
d) The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which guarantee the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type.
e) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcription
Chapter 13 Solutions
Pearson eText Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 13 - 13.1 Devoting a few sentences to each, describes...Ch. 13 - 13.2 Describe and give an example (real or...Ch. 13 - What is meant by the term chromatin remodeling?...Ch. 13 - 13.4 What general role does acetylation of histone...Ch. 13 - 13.5 Describe the roles of writers, readers, and...Ch. 13 - Outline the roles of RNA in eukaryotic gene...Ch. 13 - 13.7 What are the roles of the Polycomb and...Ch. 13 - Most biologists argue that the regulation of gene...Ch. 13 - Compare and contrast the transcriptional...Ch. 13 - The term heterochromatin refers to heavily...
Ch. 13 - 13.11 Compare and contrast promoters and enhancers...Ch. 13 - 13.12 What are the different chromatin...Ch. 13 - 13.13 Define epigenetics, and provide examples...Ch. 13 - What is one proposed role for lncRNAs?Ch. 13 - 13.15 What are the sources of dsRNA? Diagram the...Ch. 13 - How does dsRNA lead to posttranscriptional gene...Ch. 13 - 13.17 A hereditary disease is inherited as an...Ch. 13 - Prob. 18PCh. 13 - Prob. 19PCh. 13 - 13.20 A muscle enzyme called ME is produced by...Ch. 13 - Using the components in the accompanying diagram,...Ch. 13 - 13.22 The majority of this chapter focused on gene...
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- Consider this list (below) of steps involved in transcription. These steps are out of order. TRANSCRIPTION: 1. mRNA travels through a nuclear pore and enters the cytoplasm 2. the mRNA polymerase attaches at the start of a specific gene 3. RNA polymerase reads the gene surface4. a transcription factor bonds to a promoter site5. DNA molecule is unwound 6. a complimentary mRNA is produced What is the correct order of this transcription?arrow_forwardA) List the steps for gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. B) Relate the differences in gene expression between prokaryotes and eukaryotes in gene expression regulation and explain what causes those differences.arrow_forwardDescribe the similarities and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic promoter sequences.arrow_forward
- A TATA box is a short, A-T rich sequence of nucleotides located just upstream of genes and is used to recruit transcription factors and RNA polymerase to begin transcription. Based on this description, a TATA box is most likely a(n): promoter terminator transcription factor RNA polymerasearrow_forwardRegarding eukaryotic genes, it is correct to state that: * A) Distal enhancer-like elements decrease the intensity of gene transcription activation B)Mutations in intronic regions of a gene can alter the levels of its corresponding protein C)They are regulated only by promoter regions, being activated or repressed by the presence of transcription factors D)The junctions of exons and introns are recognized by splicing factors, which ensure the production of the same mRNA regardless of cell type. E) Activator and repressor proteins bind to the coding region of genes, regulating the intensity of their transcriptionarrow_forwardIf a gene is repressible and under positive control, what kind of effector molecule and regulatory protein are involved in its regulation? Explain how the binding of the effector molecule affects the regulatory protein.arrow_forward
- Compare the control of gene regulation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes at the level of initiation of transcription. How do the regulatory mechanisms work? What are the similarities and differences in these two types of organisms in terms of the specific components of the regulatory mechanisms? Address how the differences or similarities relate to the biological context of the control of gene expression.arrow_forwardYou are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind  From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expressionarrow_forwardDescribe what happens to the chemical bonding interactions when transcriptional termination occurs. Be specific about the type of chemical bonding.arrow_forward
- Discuss how the expression of a protein can be regulated post transcription in eukaryotic cells through, using the following key terms: Degradation of mRNA (two ways) Blocking translation Degradation of the proteinarrow_forwardContrast the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genes. What are the implications for transcription, protein translation and gene regulation?arrow_forwardFor a specific type of mutation at a given location in a particular gene, identify whether it will affect the size of the mRNA, the protein, or both. How would the mutant appear on a gel in comparison to the originalarrow_forward
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