The P − x 1 − y 1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100 ∘ C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach. Concept Introduction: Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is: y i Φ i P = x i γ i P i sat .......(1) Here, Φ i for a binary system is: Φ i = φ ^ i v φ i sat Φ i = exp [ P r T r i ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 ) ] exp [ P r i sat T r i ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 ) ] Φ i = exp [ ( P r i − P r i sat ) T r i ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 ) ] ...... (2) And, B i 0 = 0.083 − 0.422 T r i 1.6 B i 1 = 0.139 − 0.172 T r i 4.2 .......(3) Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by: P r = P P c ...... (4) T r = T T c ...... (5) Here, P c and T c are the critical pressure and temperature respectively. Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is: y i P = x i γ i P i sat .......(6) Wilson equations to be used are: ln γ 1 = − ln ( x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 ) + x 2 ( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) ln γ 2 = − ln ( x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) + x 1 ( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7) Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation: ln P sat ( kPa ) = A − B ( T ∘ C ) + C .......(8) Here, A , B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.76P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The P−x1−y1 diagram is to be generated for the given systems at 100∘C using two procedures, (i) Modified Raoult’s law, and (ii) gamma/phi approach.

Concept Introduction:

Equation used for Gamma/Phi formulation for VLE is:

yiΦiP=xiγiPisat .......(1)

Here, Φi

for a binary system is:

Φi= φ ^ivφi satΦi=exp[ P r T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]exp[ P ri sat T ri ( B i 0 + ω i B i 1 )]Φi=exp[( P ri − P ri sat ) T ri( B i 0+ ω i B i 1)] ...... (2)

And,

Bi0=0.083−0.422T ri 1.6Bi1=0.139−0.172T ri 4.2 .......(3)

Reduced pressure and temperature are calculated by:

Pr=PPc ...... (4)Tr=TTc ...... (5)

Here, Pc and Tc are the critical pressure and temperature respectively.

Equation to be used for Modified Raoult’s law is:

yiP=xiγiPisat .......(6)

Wilson equations to be used are:

lnγ1=−ln(x1+x2Λ 12)+x2( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 )lnγ2=−ln(x2+x1Λ 21)+x1( Λ 12 x 1 + x 2 Λ 12 − Λ 21 x 2 + x 1 Λ 21 ) .......(7)

Antoine equation is used to determine the vapor pressure of any substance at the given temperature by the equation:

lnPsat(kPa)=A−B(T∘C)+C .......(8)

Here, A, B and C are the constants specific for a substance given in table B.2 of appendix B.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

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Answer 10

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Answer 11

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