LSC TOMBALL BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781265728496
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 13, Problem 1TC
Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive system, but they have some components of an innate immune system, including phagocytes and certain protective proteins. What are some general features of innate immunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?
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Some primitive organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive immune system, but they have somecomponents of an innate immune system, including phagocytes andcertain protective proteins. What are some general features of innateimmunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?
Why is innate immunity referred to as nonspecific?
because it is a form of defense found in all animal species
because it provides defense against a wide range of pathogens
because it is a form of defense that functions in all human body systems
because it provides a built-in mechanism of defense that does not require "training"
Which of the following accurately describes the inducibility of adaptive immunity?
A) a given immune response acts against a specific antigen possessed by a pathogen
B) both cells and antibodies are involved in immune responses
C) immune cells acting against a given pathogen increase greatly in number upon encountering that pathogen
D) immune responses against the body's own molecules do not normally occur
E) pathogens stimulate cells involved in adaptive immunity
Chapter 13 Solutions
LSC TOMBALL BIOLOGY CONNECT ACCESS
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.3 - Describe four mechanisms that result in the...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1AQTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2AQTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3AQTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13 - Prob. F2.25BYBCh. 13 - Section 4.1 What are the roles of proteins in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. S11.5BYBCh. 13 - Why do you think that individuals born with XLA...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2CSCh. 13 - Prob. 1ACh. 13 - Prob. 2ACh. 13 - Prob. 3ACh. 13 - Prob. 4ACh. 13 - Prob. 5ACh. 13 - Prob. 6ACh. 13 - Prob. 7ACh. 13 - Prob. 8ACh. 13 - Prob. 9ACh. 13 - Prob. 10ACh. 13 - Prob. 11ACh. 13 - Prob. 12ACh. 13 - Prob. 13ACh. 13 - Prob. 14ACh. 13 - Prob. 15ACh. 13 - Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13 - Prob. 3TC
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- Which of the following accurately describes the inducibility of adaptive immunity? A) a given immune response acts against a specific antigen possessed by a pathogen B) both cells and antibodies are involved in immune responses C) immune cells acting against a given pathogen increase greatly in number upon encountering that pathogen D) immune responses against previously encountered pathogens are faster and more potent E) immune responses against the body's own molecules do not normally occur F) pathogens stimulate cells involved in adaptive immunityarrow_forwardWhich of the following describes the self-tolerance of adaptive immunity? A) a given immune response acts against a specific antigen possessed by a pathogen B) both cells and antibodies are involved in immune responses C) immune responses against previously encountered pathogens are faster and more potent D) immune responses against the body's own molecules do not normally occur E) pathogens stimulate cells involved in adaptive immunityarrow_forwardThe classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses? C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure. Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure. C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface. C1q directly induces inflammation, recruiting phagocytes and antibodies from the blood into the infected tissue. C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.arrow_forward
- In vertebrates, complement activation generally involves a pathogen recognition step followed by a proteolytic cascade that produces the effector proteins that function in opsonization, membrane attack, and inflammation. Which of these is likely to be the most evolutionarily primitive aspect of the complement system? Which pathway of complement initiation is likely to be the one that most recently evolved?arrow_forwardWhich cell type, molecule, or process listed below does not has a function or role in both the innate and adaptive immune systems? A) O Macrophages B) O Dendritic cells C) O Complement activation D) O Phagocytosis E) O all the above have a role in both the innate and adaptive immune systemsarrow_forwardWhat is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forward
- 1) According to the video, what is another name for the innate immune sys and what does this system do? 2) According to the video, what causes inflammation and what cells cause it? 3) According to the video, what happens to neutrophils after they consume a pathogen? 4) According to the video, natural killer cells; what do they do? 5) The adaptive/acquired immune system can tell the difference between types of pathogens: true or false? 6) According to the video, helper t- function: 7) According to the video, cytotoxic t cells function: 8) According to the video, memory cells function:arrow_forwardHuman immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forwardWhat does innate mean? How is the innate immune system different from the adaptive immune system? Compare the strategies of innate immunity with strategies of adaptive immunity. Give specific examples. How do vaccines protect us from diseases? Which cells in the immune system become activated after the injection? Your answer should be written as 2 or more paragraphs with a total word count of 400 or more.arrow_forward
- Granzyme and perforin are used by what cell type in the immune system to carry out its function? O 1) TH1 O 2) Neutrophil 3) Cytotoxic T cell O 4) Eosinophilarrow_forwardWhat is adaptive (specific) immune response? How does it differ from Innate (nonspecific) immune response?arrow_forwardImmunity can be of many types: natural activeimmunity, natural passive immunity, artificial activeimmunity and artificial passive immunity. Which of theseforms of immunity confer immune memory?arrow_forward
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