BIO 212 HUMAN BIOLOGY LAB NOTEBOOK
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781307769883
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG/CREATE
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Chapter 13, Problem 1TC
Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no lymphocytes and thus lack an adaptive system, but they have some components of an innate immune system, including phagocytes and certain protective proteins. What are some general features of innate immunity that make it very valuable to organisms lacking more specific antibody- and cell-mediated responses? What are some disadvantages to having only an innate immune system?
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What distinguishes constitutive resistance from an induced response? What is the difference between innate and acquired immunity? What evidence is there that acquired immunity exists in organisms other than vertebrates.
The classical complement pathway is initiated by C1q binding to the surface of a pathogen. In some cases, C1q can directly bind the pathogen, for instance by recognizing proteins of bacterial cell walls, but in most cases C1q binds to IgM antibodies that are bound to the pathogen surface. How does this IgM-binding feature of C1q contribute to rapid, innate immune responses rather than to slow, adaptive responses?
C1q induces B lymphocytes to begin secreting antibody within hours of pathogen exposure.
Natural antibody that binds to many microbial pathogens is produced prior to pathogen exposure.
C1q binds to C-reactive protein which then binds to IgM on the pathogen surface.
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C1q binds to dendritic cells in the infected tissue, inducing them to secrete inflammatory cytokines.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
BIO 212 HUMAN BIOLOGY LAB NOTEBOOK
Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.1 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.1 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.2 - Prob. 1CYP
Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.2 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4LOCh. 13.3 - Describe four mechanisms that result in the...Ch. 13.3 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.3 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.4 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.4 - Prob. 4CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3LOCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.5 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13.5 - Prob. 3CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3QTCCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CYPCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CYPCh. 13 - Prob. S2.7BYBCh. 13 - Section 4.1 What are the roles of proteins in the...Ch. 13 - Prob. S11.5BYBCh. 13 - Prob. 1ACh. 13 - Prob. 2ACh. 13 - Prob. 3ACh. 13 - Prob. 4ACh. 13 - Prob. 5ACh. 13 - Prob. 6ACh. 13 - Prob. 7ACh. 13 - Prob. 8ACh. 13 - Prob. 9ACh. 13 - Prob. 10ACh. 13 - Prob. 11ACh. 13 - Prob. 12ACh. 13 - Prob. 13ACh. 13 - Prob. 14ACh. 13 - Prob. 15ACh. 13 - Prob. 16ACh. 13 - Some organisms, such as invertebrates, have no...Ch. 13 - Prob. 2TCCh. 13 - Prob. 3TC
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- In vertebrates, complement activation generally involves a pathogen recognition step followed by a proteolytic cascade that produces the effector proteins that function in opsonization, membrane attack, and inflammation. Which of these is likely to be the most evolutionarily primitive aspect of the complement system? Which pathway of complement initiation is likely to be the one that most recently evolved?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between innate immunity and adaptive immunity?arrow_forwardHuman immune system a) Pathogen-associated molecular patterns are conserved molecular structures produced by microorganisms, but not by host cells. b) A virus-infected host cell that displays a viral antigen via MHC class I molecules may become a target of cytotoxic T cells. c) Secreted MHC Class I proteins present in blood plasma can function as opsonins. d) Both (a) and (b) are correct and (c) is incorrect e) Statements (a), (b) and (c) are all correctarrow_forward
- Granzyme and perforin are used by what cell type in the immune system to carry out its function? O 1) TH1 O 2) Neutrophil 3) Cytotoxic T cell O 4) Eosinophilarrow_forwardDuring the innate immunity response, which of the following pathogen types would you expect to be treated more similarly: helminths and viruses or extracellular bacteria and fungi? Why?arrow_forwardImmunity can be of many types: natural activeimmunity, natural passive immunity, artificial activeimmunity and artificial passive immunity. Which of theseforms of immunity confer immune memory?arrow_forward
- What is the one cell type that does the most to coordinate and control the adaptive immune response? A) cytotoxic T cells B) antibodies C) helper T cells D) B cellsarrow_forwardUse the following choices for the next set of questions. A choice may be used zero or more times: a)MHC class I b) MHC class Il C) both MHC class I and II d) neither MHC class | or II e) cannot be determined 21) expressed on T cells 22) captures antigens present in endosomes 23) strongly affected by proteasomal inhibition 24) downregulated by many viruses 25) the genes responsible for expression are monomorphic, meaning that identical alleles are shared throughout the populationarrow_forwardWhat occurs in a cell-mediated immune response? Select all that apply. Naive B cells bind to antigen on the surface of a bacterium and become activated. A dendritic cell incorporates digested viral antigen-MHC complexes. Naive cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen on antigen-presenting dendritic cells and become activated. Effector cytotoxic T cells circulate through the body and kill any body cells that display the viral antigen-MHC complexes.arrow_forward
- What is the mechanism dendritic cells use to deliver the message about a specific pathogen to the adaptive immune system? (Start from the point where the dendritic cell first encounters the pathogen and end when the message is delivered to a lymphocyte.)arrow_forwardHow do cytokine barriers provide innate immunity in humans ?arrow_forwardThe brain can sense cytokines released by peripheral immune cells through the following means EXCEPT a.) Cytokines being transported across the blood-brain barrier b.) Cytokines crossing intact blood-brain barrier by diffusion c.) Cytokines circumventing blood-brain barrier at circumventricular organs d.) Cytokines activating general visceral sensory nervesarrow_forward
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