EBK FOUNDATIONS OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
EBK FOUNDATIONS OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781118930144
Author: Willard
Publisher: JOHN WILEY+SONS INC.
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Chapter 13, Problem 24PE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Empirical formula of hydrated nickel chloride has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The steps required for calculation of empirical formula is as follows:

1 Convert the data provided of each element in grams if not given in grams. If data is provided in percentage than total mass of compound is taken as 100 g.

2 Mass of each element is changed into moles by division of given mass of each element with its atomic mass respectively.

3 The value of mole of each element is divided by the smallest mole value and round off the resultant value to positive integer.

4 If resultant value is in fraction then multiply with smallest number to make it integer.

5 The final value of mole is used as a subscript for empirical formula.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Explanation of Solution

The hydrated nickel chloride contain 24.69 %  Ni, 29.83 % Cl and 45.48 % H2O. Therefore the empirical formula is calculated as follows:

Step 1: The percentage "%" is replaced by "g". Thus, 100 g hydrated iron chloride contain 24.69 g  Ni, 29.83 g Cl and 45.48 g H2O.

Step 2: The expression to calculate moles of elements is as follows:

   Moles=given massatomic mass

The formula to calculate moles of Ni is as follows:

   Moles(Ni)=mass of Nimolar mass of Ni        (1)

Substitute 24.69 g for mass of Ni and 58.69 g/mol for molar mass of Ni in equation (1).

   Moles(Ni)=24.69 g58.69 g/mol= 0.42 mol

The formula to calculate moles of Cl is as follows:

   Moles(Cl)=mass of Clmolar mass of Cl        (2)

Substitute 29.83 g for mass of Cl and 35.5 g/mol for molar mass of Cl in equation (2).

   Moles(Cl)=29.83 g35.5 g/mol=0.84 mol

The formula to calculate moles of H2O is as follows:

   Moles(H2O)=mass of H2Omolar mass of H2O        (3)

Substitute 45.48 g for mass of H2O and 18.02 g/mol for molar mass of H2O in equation (3).

   Moles(H2O)=45.48 g18.02 g/mol=2.52 mol

Step 3: The positive integer for Ni is calculated as follows:

  Subscript for Ni=moles of Ni smallest mole value         (4)

Substitute 0.42 mol for moles of Ni and 0.42 mol for smallest mole value in equation (4).

  Subscript for Ni=0.42 mol 0.42 mol1.0 

The positive integer for Cl is calculated as follows:

  Subscript for Cl=moles of Cl smallest mole value         (5)

Substitute 0.84 mol for moles of Cl and 0.42 mol for smallest mole value in equation (5).

  Subscript for Cl=0.84 mol 0.42 mol2.0 

The positive integer for H2O is calculated as follows:

  Subscript for H2O=moles of H2smallest mole value         (6)

Substitute 2.52 mol for moles of H2O and 0.42 mol for smallest mole value in equation (6).

  Subscript for H2O=2.52 mol 0.42 mol6.0 

Therefore, the empirical formula for hydrated iron chloride is NiCl26H2O.

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Chapter 13 Solutions

EBK FOUNDATIONS OF COLLEGE CHEMISTRY

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Step by Step Stoichiometry Practice Problems | How to Pass ChemistryMole Conversions Made Easy: How to Convert Between Grams and Moles; Author: Ketzbook;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b2raanVWU6c;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY