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Company Risk versus Project Risk Both Dow Chemical Company, a large natural gas user, and Superior Oil, a major natural gas producer, are thinking of investing in natural gas wells near Houston. Both are all-equity financed companies. Dow and Superior are looking at identical projects. They’ve analyzed their respective investments, which would involve a negative cash flow now and positive expected cash flows in the future. These cash flows would be the same for both firms. No debt would be used to finance the projects. Both companies estimate that their projects would have a
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Loose Leaf for Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
- Cash Flow estimation Question Shultz Business Systems is analyzing an average-risk project, and the following data have been developed. Unit sales will be constant, but the sales price should increase with inflation. Fixed costs will also be constant, but variable costs should rise with inflation. The project should last for 3 years, it will be depreciated on a straight-line basis, and there will be no salvage value. This is just one of many projects for the firm, so any losses can be used to offset gains on other firm projects. What is the project's expected NPV? Project cost of capital (r) 10.0% Net investment cost (depreciable basis) $200,000 Units sold 50,000 Average price per unit, Year 1 $25.00 Fixed op. cost excl. deprec. (constant) $150,000 Variable op. cost/unit, Year 1 $20.20 Annual depreciation rate 33.333% Expected inflation rate per year 5.00% Tax rate 40.0% a. $15,925 b. $16,764 c.…arrow_forwardA firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. The CEO wants to use the IRR criterion, while the CFO favors the NPV method. You were hired to advise the firm on the best procedure. If the wrong decision criterion is used, how much potential value would the firm lose? (compare NPVs for projects)WACC: 6.75%Year 0 1 2 3 4 CFS -$1,025 $380 $380 $380 $380CFL -$2,150 $765 $765 $765 $765arrow_forwardI need solutions for questions d, e, f, g, h and i. Thanks d. Are this project’s cash flows likely to be positively or negatively correlated withreturns on Cory’s other projects and with the economy, and should this matter in youranalysis? Explain.e. Unrelated to the new product, Cory is analyzing two mutually exclusive machines thatwill upgrade its manufacturing plant. These machines are considered average-riskprojects, so management will evaluate them at the firm’s 10% WACC. Machine Xhas a life of 4 years, while Machine Y has a life of 2 years. The cost of each machineis $60,000; however, Machine X provides after-tax cash flows of $25,000 per year for4 years and Machine Y provides after-tax cash flows of $42,000 per year for 2 years. Themanufacturing plant is very successful, so the machines will be repurchased at the endof each machine’s useful life. In other words, the machines are “repeatable” projects.1. Using the replacement chain method, what is the NPV of the better machine?2.…arrow_forward
- A firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. The CEO wants to use the IRR criterion, while the CFO favors the NPV method. You were hired to advise the firm on the best procedure. If the wrong decision criterion is used, how much potential value would the firm lose? WACC: 3.00% Year 0 1 2 3 4 CFS -$1,025 $380 $380 $380 $380 CFL -$2,150 $765 $765 $765 $765 Hint: NPV = PV inflows – Cost IRR: Internal Rate of Return IRR is the discount rate that forces PV inflows = cost. A. $272.51 B. $306.08 C. $377.26 D. $340.98 E. $240.19 PLEASE SHOW YOUR WORK USING BA II CALCULATOR. THANK YOU.arrow_forwardFinance A firm is considering two mutually exclusive projects, X and Y, with the following cash flows: 0 1 2 3 4 Project X -$1,000 $110 $280 $430 $750 Project Y -$1,000 $900 $110 $55 $50 The projects are equally risky, and their WACC is 9%. What is the MIRR of the project that maximizes shareholder value? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to two decimal places. %arrow_forwardA tire manufacturing firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. What is the cost of capital at which the decision to take project L (or S) based on NPV will contradict the decision based on IRR method? Hint: Calculate the crossover rate and explain how the crossover rate would influence your decision to take project L or project S based on NPV vs. IRR? Show your excel work and thoroughly explain your answer. See cash flows below: Year 0 1 2 3 4 Project L: CFL -$2,050 $770 $780 $790 $795 Project S: CFS -$4,300 $1,300 $1,510 $1,520 $1,530arrow_forward
- A firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. The CEO wants to use the IRR criterion, while the CFO favors the NPV method. You were hired to advise the firm on the best procedure. If the wrong decision criterion is used, how much potential value would the firm lose? WACC: 6.75% 0 1 2 3 4 CFS -$1,025 $380 $380 $380 $380 CFL -$2,150 $765 $765 $765 $765arrow_forwardi Explain how wrong calculation of the cost of capital of a project leads toincorrect choice of a project. ii Explain the superiority of the Security Market Line (SML) approach ascompared to the dividend valuation model. iii A company is faced with the choice of one of two investment opportunities Aand B. The initial cost of each is Rs.200,000 and their estimated cash flows areas follows.Year Cash Flows (Rs.) – A Cash Flows (Rs.)- B1 200,000 40,0002 240,000 60,000Assuming a cost of capital of 7% calculate (year 1: .935; year 2: .873)a. NPVb. The yield rate of each projectc. Say which project you would selectarrow_forwardA firm is considering Projects S and L, whose cash flows are shown below. These projects are mutually exclusive, equally risky, and not repeatable. The CEO wants to use the IRR criterion, while the CFO favors the NPV method. You were hired to advise the firm on the best procedure. If the wrong decision criterion is used, how much potential value would the firm lose? WACC: 5.29 % 0 1 2 3 4 CFS -$ 1,036 $380 $380 $380 $380…arrow_forward
- The net present value (NPV) method estimates how much a potential project will contribute to Business ethics/Shareholders Wealth/Employee Benefits, and it is the best selection criterion. The Smaller/Larger the NPV, the more value the project adds; and added value means a Higher/Larger stock price. In equation form, the NPV is defined as: CFt is the expected net cash flow at Time t, r is the project's risk-adjusted cost of capital, N is its life, and cash outflows are treated as negative cash flows. The NPV calculation assumes that cash inflows can be reinvested at the project's risk-adjusted RD/RS/WACC. When the firm is considering independent projects, if the project's NPV exceeds zero the firm should Accept/Reject the project. When the firm is considering mutually exclusive projects, the firm should accept the project with the Lowest Positive/Lowest Negative/Highest Postive/ Highest Negative NPV.Quantitative Problem: Bellinger Industries is considering two projects for inclusion…arrow_forwardA firm has two mutually exclusive investment projects to evaluate. The projects have the following cash flows: Time Cash Flow Cash Flow Y C $95,000 -$70.000 35,000 40.000 55,000 40,000 3 60.000 40.000 40.000 10.000 9% , what is the EAA of the project that adds the most value to the firm? Do not round intermediate calculations, Round vour answer Proiects and Y are equally risky and may be reneated indefinitely, If the firm's WACC. the nearest dollar , whose EAA -s Choose Project -Select-arrow_forward11.A firm is embarking on two mutually exclusive projects with the following annual cash flows: State of Economy Probability of State Occurring Annual Cash Flow (Project A) Annual Cash Flow (Project B) Depression 0.1 0 -200 Recession 0.3 100 500 Normal 0.4 300 1,000 Boom 0.2 800 2,000 a) Calculate the expected value of the cash flows for both projects. b) Calculate the standard deviation for both projects and indicate which project is riskier. c) Calculate the coefficient of variation for both projects and indicate which project appears riskier. d) Comment on the results in (b & c) by comparing the two results.arrow_forward
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