ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781630180928
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: OPENSTAX C
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Chapter 13, Problem 9ILQ
Watch this animation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/CSFflow) that shows the flow of CSF through the brain and spinal cord, and how it originates from the ventricles and then spreads into the space within the meninges, where the fluids then move into the venous sinuses to return to the cardiovascular circulation. What are the structures that produce CSF and where are they found? How are the structures indicated in this animation?
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Please explain what cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) is, how it is made (structures involved); and discuss its complete circulation.
EXPLANATION ADDRESSING THE QUESTION ABOVE
Cerebral spinal fluid is a fluid that cushions the central nervous system and provides buoyancy to and helps nourish the brain. It circulates around the surface of the brain, interior ventricles, and surface of the spinal cord and central canal of the spinal cord. CSF is created by the ependymal cells in the choroid plexus and ventricles of the brain. CSF is made up mostly of water and also includes ions, nutrients like vitamin c and protein, and can pick up waste as it circulates. CSF circulation starts in the lateral ventricle where the choroid plexus and lateral ventricle creates or secretes the CSF. The CSF then flows through the ventricular foramen into the third ventricle. At the third ventricle, the CSF then flows through the cerebral aqueduct into the fourth ventricle. Then, the CSF exits the fourth…
Hydrocephalus occurs when CSF accumulates in the ventricles and passageways of the brain. Assuming that CSF production isnormal, propose reasons for the accumulation of the fluid.
Recall that CSF is not stagnant: it flows around the brain and spinal cord. Review the path of CSF by completing the sentences below:
Cerebrospinal fluid is formed when plasma-like fluid exits capillaries and crosses ependymal cells into the ventricles of the brain, in regions called (1)_____. CSF then flows from the (2)_____ into the (3)_____, through the (4)_____ into the (5)_____, and down into the (6)_____ or out into the (7)_____ — within which it circulates around the brain and spinal cord. CSF then exits this region through (8)_____ into (9)_____, which collect blood and "used" CSF and drain it from the brain.
Chapter 13 Solutions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Ch. 13 - Watch this animation...Ch. 13 - Watch this video...Ch. 13 - Watch this video...Ch. 13 - Watch this video...Ch. 13 - Watch this video...Ch. 13 - Compared with the nearest evolutionary relative,...Ch. 13 - Watch this animation...Ch. 13 - Watch this video...Ch. 13 - Watch this animation...Ch. 13 - Figure 13.20 If you zoom in on the DRG, you can...
Ch. 13 - Figure 13.22 To what structures in a skeletal...Ch. 13 - Visit this site...Ch. 13 - Aside from the nervous system, which other organ...Ch. 13 - Which primary vesicle of the embryonic nervous...Ch. 13 - Which adult structure(s) arises from the...Ch. 13 - Which non-nervous tissue develops from the...Ch. 13 - Which structure is associated with the embryologic...Ch. 13 - Which lobe of the cerebral cortex is responsible...Ch. 13 - What region of the diencephalon coordinates...Ch. 13 - What level of the brain stem is the major input to...Ch. 13 - What region of the spinal cord contains motor...Ch. 13 - Brodmanns areas map different regions of the...Ch. 13 - What blood vessel enters the cranium to supply the...Ch. 13 - Which layer of the meninges surrounds and supports...Ch. 13 - What type of glial cell is responsible for...Ch. 13 - Which portion of the ventricular system is found...Ch. 13 - What condition causes a stroke? inflammation of...Ch. 13 - What type of ganglion contains neurons that...Ch. 13 - Which ganglion is responsible for cutaneous...Ch. 13 - What is the name for a bundle of axons within a...Ch. 13 - Which cranial nerve does not control functions in...Ch. 13 - Which of these structures is not under direct...Ch. 13 - Studying the embryonic development of the nervous...Ch. 13 - What happens in development that suggests that...Ch. 13 - Damage to specific regions of the cerebral cortex,...Ch. 13 - Why do the anatomical inputs to the cerebellum...Ch. 13 - Why can the circle of Willis maintain perfusion of...Ch. 13 - Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges that...Ch. 13 - Why are ganglia and nerves not surrounded by...Ch. 13 - Testing for neurological function involves a...
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- You are trying to explain the ventricular system of the brain to your younger sister. You tell her the following: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is formed as a filtrate of blood at the level of a choroid plexus. It passes through ependymal cells to the space between the arachnid mater and pia mater. Once it has traveled around the periphery of the brain within this space between those two meninges, the CSF then accumulates in the third ventricle. Once there, it passes to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct and then travels via the central canal to the spinal cord. It is finally reabsorbed by the arachnoid granulations. The cerebrospinal fluid is turned over about three times every 24 hours. What error did you make in this description? Practice g• 6S: The CSF travels from the third ventricle to the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct When being formed it has to pass through ependymal cells The CSF is reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations The CSF travels from the subarachnoid…arrow_forwardThe limbic system is composed of several interconnected structures including the olfactory bulbs, amygdala, hypothalamus, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, septal nuclei, mammillary bodies, and the thalamus. Pair each of these structures with their function listed below: -This limbic area is active when you are trying to memorize the names of brain areas. It is also severely atrophied in people suffering from late stages of Alzheimer’s Disease. -This limbic area is active when you are watching something that makes you feel sad. -This limbic area is active when you feel thirsty. -When the activity of this limbic area is increased you feel a sense of pleasure. -When this limbic area is damaged it often results in patients experiencing anterograde amnesia. -Damage to this limbic structure while rare often results in patients going into a coma. -This cortical limbic structure plays a large role in motivation and movement and has recently been…arrow_forwardWhen their second child was born, Kiko and Taka were told their baby had spina bifida and would be kept in intensive care for a week. After that time, a “shunt” would be put in. Also, immediately after the birth, an operation was performed on the infant’s lower back. The parents were told that this operation went well but that their son would always be a “little weak in the ankles.” Explain the statements in quotation marks in more informative and precise language.arrow_forward
- Fill in the numbered blanks with the name of the structure that corresponds with the number in the following paragraph. Fluid for the CSF is derived from the bloodstream. The sites of CSF formation are the (1), special tiny capillaries located in the walls of (2), (3), and (4). Cells that line the ventricles have cilia that move the CSF and are called (5). The two lateral ventricles are separated by a thin membrane called the (6). CSF flows by cilia movement from the two lateral v entricles through the interventricular foramen to the (7). From here, the CSF flows through the (8) into the fourth ventricle. The CSF leaves the fourth ventricle through three openings: the median aperture and two lateral apertures. CSF is now located in the (9) space around the brain, and circulates all around the cerebrum and cerebellum. CSF continues to flow into the inner part of the spinal cord by flowing through the tiny (10) of the spinal cord, as well as around the exterior of the spinal cord in the…arrow_forwardName ventricles of the brain and follow the flow of the CSF. Don't copy from Googlearrow_forwardExplain the descending pathway from the brain where Mr. Dexter decides to move his right leg to the actual movement of his quadriceps. (Use complete sentences.) Use key words in this order: primary motor cortex in precentral gyrus, frontal lobe, descending tract, decussate, ventral horn with motor neuron in lumbar spinal cord, ventral root, spinal nerve, sciatic nerve in lumbosacral plexus, muscles to move leg (ie. quadriceps)to take a step.arrow_forward
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