Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780135214114
Author: Colleen Belk, Virginia Maier
Publisher: PEARSON+
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 14, Problem 10LTB
Phylogenies are created based on the principle that all species descending from a recent common ancestor ___________.
- should be identical;
- should share characteristics that evolved in that ancestor;
- should be found as fossils;
- should have identical DNA sequences;
- should be no more similar than species that are less closely related
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Species are organized on phylogenetic trees based on their ________ similarities and differences.
morphological and biological
morphological and biological
genetic and morphological
genetic and morphological
genetic and chemical
Redside Dace, an endangered species of fish we discussed in class, is also know as Clinostomus elongatus, which is also referred to as its _________________ nomenclature.
evolutionary
ecological
monomial
none of the options are correct
trinomial
A(n) ___________ phylogeny helped researchers realize that bats were the original source of the SARS virus.
fossil based
all of the options are correct
RNA based
DNA based
morphology based
The science of naming and classifying organisms is called______________. The related science of reconstructing anddepicting evolutionary history is called ______________.A group consisting of all organisms descended from aparticular common ancestor is a(n) ______________.
Chapter 14 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Science for Life with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 14 - How many different species have been identified by...Ch. 14 - Add labels to the figure that follows, which...Ch. 14 - How are hypotheses about the evolutionary...Ch. 14 - Which of the following kingdoms or domains is a...Ch. 14 - Comparisons of ribosomal RNA among many different...Ch. 14 - On examining cells under a microscope, you notice...Ch. 14 - The mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell ___________....Ch. 14 - Prob. 8LTBCh. 14 - Prob. 9LTBCh. 14 - Phylogenies are created based on the principle...
Ch. 14 - Unless handled properly by living systems, oxygen...Ch. 14 - Imagine you have found an organism that has never...Ch. 14 - Support for the endosymbiotic theory for the...Ch. 14 - Research a species of plant, animal, fungi, or...Ch. 14 - Scientists initially rejected the endosymbiotic...Ch. 14 - The science that you learned in this chapter has...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
The pedigrees indicated here were obtained with three unrelated families whose members express the same disease...
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
Which of the following would be used to identify an unknown bacterial culture that came from a patient in the i...
Microbiology Fundamentals: A Clinical Approach
What are the cervical and lumbar enlargements?
Principles of Anatomy and Physiology
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology Plus Mastering A&P with eText - Access Card Package (10th Edition) (New A&P Titles by Ric Martini and Judi Nath)
2. Why is it that the range of resting blood pressures of humans is best represented by a bell-shaped curve co...
Human Biology: Concepts and Current Issues
2. A gene is a segment of DNA that has the information to produce a functional product. The functional product ...
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A synapomophy is a shared, derived characteristic. This differs from a symplesiomorphy which is a shared_________________ characteristic. Synapomorphie characteristics are used to identify animals that share a common ancestor. For example, _________________share four synapomophic characteristics including a post-anal tail, a _________________ pharyngeal slits, and a dorsal hollow_______________ chord. These characteristics are derived in the MRCA of chordates, but_______________ in mammals.arrow_forwardOn the right is a phylogeny depicting the relationship among eight animal species (A to H). Next to the species names are the tooth morphology of each species. For example, species A has prominent molar teeth, thus likely a herbivore. On the other hand, species C has prominent canine tooth, thus likely a carnivore. Which of the following statements is correct? O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a carnivore: O The most recent common ancestor for species A to H is probably a herbivore OIt is impossible to tell what the main food source is for the most recent common ancestor of species A to H. O For species C, D, E, F, G, there are four evolutionary events that lead to the evolution of canine tooth morphology If the common ancestor of species C, D, E, F, G is a carnivore, then the molar teeth for species D is a plesiomorphy. A B D E LL F G H REG a a Barrow_forwardIt is the proportion of replicate phylogenies that recovered a particular clade from the original phylogeny built using the original alignment. This also serves as a confidence level that at out of 100, how many times the same branch is observed when repeating the generation of a phylogenetic tree on a resampled set of data. OOO Branch length Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUS) Branch node Bootstrap valuearrow_forward
- It is known that it takes very long periods of time for new species to develop, and yet the fossil record for many organisms is characterized by long periods of Stasis (no change) followed by short bursts of intense Speciation (the disappearance of one species followed by the appearance of a new species). Thus in the fossil record, organisms seem to stay the same for long periods of time followed by a “sudden” change in the organisms (sudden with respect to evolution and geology). In other words, it appears that new species evolve suddenly as opposed to over long periods of time. The Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium helps to explain these seemingly contradictory occurrences in the fossil record. Discuss how Punctuated Equilibrium works (think about small offshoot populations that break off from the main population) and how it can explain the fossil record evidence. (Be sure to include information about why fossils of the offshoot population would be rare.)arrow_forwardWhich of the following represents the most closely related group of organisms in the phylogeny shown above? A C E F Garrow_forwardThe most parsimonious phylogenetic tree requires the fewest evolutionary events as measured by the origin of shared derived morphological characters. When the phylogeny is based on DNA the most parsimonious tree requires fewer base changes. True Falsearrow_forward
- Match the correct label to locations A, B and C on the figure below. Evolutionary history, or phylogeny, is represented visually by a phylogenetic tree. Trees have a common structure, with a root, nodes, and branches. To determine evolutionary relationships among living or extinct organisms, consider the most recent common ancestors. Lizard C: Natural selection leads to new species or groups of species. Eu Jin Chew/Dreamstime.com Crocodile B: This is the common ancestor of all organisms on the tree. Infographic 16.10 Dinion for Channing World Third Edition Gert Vrey/Dreamstime.com Dinosaur (extinct) Time musk/Alamy Bird Danita Delimont/Alamy A: This is the last common ancestor of the organisms above this point in the tree (in this case, dinosaurs and birds).arrow_forwardBased on the information from the following table and the provided phylogenetic tree, what kind of species classification is shown? A B C D E F G H 1 J K L M N O Form of Male Genitalia 1 1 L L L L L L L L L L L L L r T Pits) or Tubercles E P P T T T T T P P P P P Р P P O Phenetic Species Concept O Blological Species Concept O Phylogenetic Species Concept O Sympatric Species Concept Blayple (OUTGROUP) beaver Dan, AZ -Twentynine Paime, CA -Harkavilla, UT D-Chilchinbio, NM -Vermilion Cas. AZ 64 -F-Mone Lake, CA -G-Coral Pink Danes, UT H-Pyramid Lake, N -Crescent Dunes, MV Meno Lake CA -K-Olancha CA -Olancha, CA --Winnemucca, NV -El Mirage, CA Lo-Dumont Dunes, CA Form of dorsal ridges M₁ M₁ FFFFFFFFFF M Ma M₂ M₂arrow_forwardBelow is an example of a particular kind of phylogenetic tree called a chronogram. Chronoograms are named because the length of the branches represents different lengths of time. Nodes are represented by vertical lines, and branches with horizontal ones. They can be arranged horizontally, with the most recent evolutions on the right. Given this information, the taxa that is most closely related to Dubautia ciliolata c. 529 (highlighted below) is _________________ (make sure to type exactly the same characters, including the numbers; do not italicize).arrow_forward
- Using the terms listed below, answer all the parts to this question regarding the cladogram for the frogs Anatomy of a Cladogram Sympleisiomorphies—shared ancestral states Synapomorphies—shared, derived character states Autapomorphies—unique, derived character states Homoplasies—the result of parallel or convergent evolution where 2 or more organisms independently acquire the same character state (could be the result of a reversal—when, in a particular lineage, a character reverts from a derived back to an ancestral state). Similarity in appearance, but not origin. Monophyletic group—group of all descendants of a common ancestor Paraphyletic group—group of some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor Polyphyletic group – group of individuals that descend from more than one common ancestor Polytomy—3 or more taxa emerging from a single node who do not share the most common ancestor Homologies—Similarities resulting from descent from a common ancestor Analogies - Similarities…arrow_forwardUsing the terms listed below, answer all the parts to this question regarding the cladogram for the frogs Anatomy of a Cladogram Sympleisiomorphies—shared ancestral states Synapomorphies—shared, derived character states Autapomorphies—unique, derived character states Homoplasies—the result of parallel or convergent evolution where 2 or more organisms independently acquire the same character state (could be the result of a reversal—when, in a particular lineage, a character reverts from a derived back to an ancestral state). Similarity in appearance, but not origin. Monophyletic group—group of all descendants of a common ancestor Paraphyletic group—group of some, but not all, descendants of a common ancestor Polyphyletic group – group of individuals that descend from more than one common ancestor Polytomy—3 or more taxa emerging from a single node who do not share the most common ancestor Homologies—Similarities resulting from descent from a common ancestor Analogies - Similarities…arrow_forwardDraw a phylogenythat accurately portrays the evolutionary relationships among the organisms listed. Each organism listed should be at the tip of a branch on the tree. Use the internet to discover what type of organisms they are, and refer to the textbook and course notes as you determine the relationships among these organisms. Label the phylogeny with each of the 6 species listed and write on the tree where the following derived traits evolved: specialized tissues, radial symmetry, bilateral symmetry, deuterostomy, protostomy, and ecdysozoan cuticle (the need for an animal to molt in order to grow). Anthopleura xanthogrammica Giant Green Anemone Chondrocladia lyra. harp sponge Diadema antillarum black sea urchin Euphasia superba. Antarctic krill Phrynosoma cornutum. horny toad Taenia saginata. beef tapewormarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Discovering the tree of life | California Academy of Sciences; Author: California Academy of Sciences;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjvLQJ6PIiU;License: Standard Youtube License