Introduction:
Anatomical evidence includes homologous and analogous structures. Different species share identical physical features that suggest common ancestry. Sometimes, even different structures adapt to perform a similar function. This also suggests evolution.
Answer to Problem 1FIB
Correct answer:
The flipper of a seal is homologous with the wing of a bird, and both of these are homologous with the arm of a human. The wing of a bird and the wing of a butterfly are described as analogous structures that arose as a result of convergent evolution. Remnants of structures in animals that have no use for them, such as the small hind leg bones of whales, are described as vestigial structures.
Explanation of Solution
Homologous structures and analogous structures in different organisms are one of the evidence that supports evolution. Homologous organs are similar in structure, but perform a different function in different organisms. It supports that all the organisms are descendants of a common ancestor.
Wings of a bat, human arm, and lateral fin of a whale are homologous structures. Analogous structures are different in structure, but similar in function. Analogous structures do not support common ancestry. Wing of a bat and butterfly are analogous structures. Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution. It refers to evolution that takes place independently in species of different lineages. The structures that are not useful for animals become vestigial over time.
Homologous structures have similar structure and different function, while analogous structures have a different structure and similar function.
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