Concept explainers
Figure 14.10 In eukaryotic cells, DNA and RNA synthesis occur in a separate compartment from protein synthesis. In prokaryotic cells, both processes occur together. What advantages might there be to separating the processes? What advantages might there be to having them occur together?
To review:
The advantages of separate processes of DNA synthesis, transcription and translation in eukaryotes and the same occurring together in prokaryotes.
Introduction:
Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms lacking a well-defined nucleus and membrane-bound cell organelles. Eukaryotes are either unicellular or multicellular organisms with a well-defined nucleus covered by a nuclear membrane, showing nucleoplasm and nucleolus along with the membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm like the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, chloroplast. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes also differ in the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Explanation of Solution
In prokaryotes, the synthesis of DNA and RNA occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. No compartmentalization in prokaryotes makes the synthesis of RNA and proteins to occur simultaneously, helping in their quicker synthesis and allowing the cell to reproduce at a quicker rate. This quicker reproduction can bring changes in the cell and can help the cells to evolve.
In eukaryotes, the synthesis of DNA takes place in the nucleus of the cell by a process called the replication of DNA. The synthesis of RNA occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell. The advantages of this separation are that more complex proteins and RNA products are formed separately by a set of specific steps with minimum damage to them. This also prevents the interaction of these molecules among themselves and helps in regulating the gene expression.
Thus, the separation of DNA and RNA synthesis from the synthesis of proteins in eukaryotes helps in the formation of the complex products with minimum damage and their synthesis in prokaryotes occurring together makes them reproduce quickly.
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Chapter 14 Solutions
BIOLOGY
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- Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax