A 50-year-old patient was hospitalized in the infectious department of the district hospital on the 4th day of illness with suspected typhoid-paratyphoid disease. The disease began with a gradual rise in temperature, which reached a maximum level of 39 degrees C on the 3rd day. Complaints of headache, loss of appetite, general weakness, constipation, bloating and flatulence. From the anamnesis: a family member of the patient 2 months ago fell ill with typhoid fever. Objectively: remitting fever, pale skin, moderately bloated abdomen, slight enlargement of the liver and spleen, mental retardation. There is no rash.   1-What serological tests should be used to establish the etiology of typhoid? 2-What are the features of serological diagnosis in the early stages of the disease? What measures should be taken to avoid false-negative serological results in the early stages? 3-What serological reactions are used for serological diagnosis of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever? Compare and…

In 1969, a 16-year-old boy named Robert Rayford was admitted to a hospital in St. Louis, Missouri. He was weak, emaciated, rife with stubborn infections, and riddled with rare cancerous lesions known as Kaposi’s sarcoma, a skin disease found in elderly men of Mediterranean descent. Three months after he was admitted, he died of pneumonia. More than ten years later, similar cases were seen in states like New York and California. It was eventually discovered that young Robert Rayford actually had AIDS.   Using 2-3 pieces of evidence from the text, explain why Robert Rayford ended up dying from pneumonia.

Compare the rash seen in Lyme disease with that seen in Rocky Mountain spotted fever